1 Samuel

1 Samuel 20:30–34

30Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the mother who bore you? 31For as long as the son of Jesse lives on this earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Now send for him and bring him to me, for he must surely die!”

32“Why must he be put to death?” Jonathan replied. “What has he done?”

33Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him. So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David. 34Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.

Read all of 1 Samuel 20

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

1 Samuel 20:30

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Then Saul’sשָׁאוּל֙šā·’ūlNoun - proper - masculine singularH7586 Shaul
angerאַ֤ף’ap̄Noun - masculine singular constructH639 nostril, nose, face, anger
burnedוַיִּֽחַר־way·yi·ḥar-Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH2734 burn, be kindled
against Jonathanבִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןbî·hō·w·nā·ṯānPreposition-b; Noun - proper - masculine singularH3083 Jehonathan
and he saidוַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·merConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH559 utter, say
to himל֔וֹlōwPreposition; third person masculine singular
You sonבֶּֽן־ben-Noun - masculine singular constructH1121 son
of a perverseנַעֲוַ֖תna·‘ă·waṯVerb - Nifal - Participle - feminine singular constructH5753 bend, twist
and rebellious womanהַמַּרְדּ֑וּתham·mar·dūṯArticle; Noun - feminine singularH4780 rebellion, rebelliousness
Do I notהֲל֣וֹאhă·lō·wAdverb - Negative particleH3808 not
knowיָדַ֗עְתִּיyā·ḏa‘·tîVerb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singularH3045 know
thatכִּֽי־kî-ConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
youאַתָּה֙’at·tāhPronoun - second person masculine singularH859 thou
have chosenבֹחֵ֤רḇō·ḥêrVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH977 choose
the sonלְבֶן־lə·ḇen-Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular constructH1121 son
of Jesseיִשַׁ֔יyi·šayNoun - proper - masculine singularH3448 Jishai
to your own shameלְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔lə·ḇā·šə·tə·ḵāPreposition-l; Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singularH1322 shame
and to the shameוּלְבֹ֖שֶׁתū·lə·ḇō·šeṯConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular constructH1322 shame
of the motherאִמֶּֽךָ׃’im·me·ḵāNoun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singularH517 mother
who bore youעֶרְוַ֥ת‘er·waṯNoun - feminine singular constructH6172 nakedness, pudenda

1 Samuel 20:31

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Forכִּ֣יkîConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
as long asהַיָּמִ֗יםhay·yā·mîmArticle; Noun - masculine pluralH3117 day
the sonבֶּן־ben-Noun - masculine singular constructH1121 son
of Jesseיִשַׁי֙yi·šayNoun - proper - masculine singularH3448 Jishai
livesחַ֣יḥayNoun - masculine singularH2416 alive, living
onעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
earthהָאֲדָמָ֔הhā·’ă·ḏā·māhArticle; Noun - feminine singularH127 ground, land
neitherלֹ֥אlōAdverb - Negative particleH3808 not
youאַתָּ֣ה’at·tāhPronoun - second person masculine singularH859 thou
nor your kingdomוּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָū·mal·ḵū·ṯe·ḵāConjunctive waw; Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singularH4438 royalty, royal power, reign, kingdom
shall be establishedתִכּ֖וֹןṯik·kō·wnVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - second person masculine singularH3559 be firm
Nowוְעַתָּ֗הwə·‘at·tāhConjunctive waw; AdverbH6258 now
send for himשְׁלַ֨חšə·laḥVerb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularH7971 send
and bringוְקַ֤חwə·qaḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularH3947 take
himאֹתוֹ֙’ō·ṯōwDirect object marker; third person masculine singularH853 mark of the accusative
to meאֵלַ֔י’ê·layPreposition; first person common singularH413 motion to
forכִּ֥יkîConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
heהֽוּא׃סhūPronoun - third person masculine singularH1931 he, she
must surely dieמָ֖וֶתmā·weṯNoun - masculine singularH4194 death

1 Samuel 20:32

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Whyלָ֥מָּהlām·māhInterrogativeH4100 what? how? aught
must he be put to deathיוּמַ֖תyū·maṯVerb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularH4191 die
Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯānNoun - proper - masculine singularH3083 Jehonathan
repliedוַיַּ֙עַן֙way·ya·‘anConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH6030 answer, respond
Whatמֶ֥הmehInterrogativeH4100 what? how? aught
has he doneעָשָֽׂה׃‘ā·śāhVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH6213 do, make

1 Samuel 20:33

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Then Saulשָׁא֧וּלšā·’ūlNoun - proper - masculine singularH7586 Shaul
hurledוַיָּ֨טֶלway·yā·ṭelConjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH2904 hurl, cast
his spearהַחֲנִ֛יתha·ḥă·nîṯArticle; Noun - feminine singularH2595 spear
atעָלָ֖יו‘ā·lāwPreposition; third person masculine singularH5921 height
to kill himלְהַכֹּת֑וֹlə·hak·kō·ṯōwPreposition-l; Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct; third person masculine singularH5221 smite
So Jonathanיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯānNoun - proper - masculine singularH3083 Jehonathan
knewוַיֵּ֙דַע֙way·yê·ḏa‘Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH3045 know
thatכִּֽי־kî-ConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
his fatherאָבִ֖יו’ā·ḇîwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH1 father
was determinedכָ֥לָהḵā·lāhVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH3615 be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent
to killלְהָמִ֥יתlə·hā·mîṯPreposition-l; Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructH4191 die
Davidדָּוִֽד׃סdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David

1 Samuel 20:34

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Jonathanיְהוֹנָתָ֛ןyə·hō·w·nā·ṯānNoun - proper - masculine singularH3083 Jehonathan
got upוַיָּ֧קָםway·yā·qāmConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH6965 arise, stand up, stand
fromמֵעִ֥םmê·‘imPreposition-mH5973 with
the tableהַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןhaš·šul·ḥānArticle; Noun - masculine singularH7979 table
in fierceבָּחֳרִי־bā·ḥo·rî-Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH2750 burning
angerאָ֑ף’āp̄Noun - masculine singularH639 nostril, nose, face, anger
and did notוְלֹא־wə·lō-Conjunctive waw; Adverb - Negative particleH3808 not
eatאָכַ֞ל’ā·ḵalVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH398 eat
any foodלֶ֔חֶםle·ḥemNoun - masculine singularH3899 bread, food
that secondהַשֵּׁנִי֙haš·šê·nîArticle; Number - ordinal masculine singularH8145 second
dayבְּיוֹם־bə·yō·wm-Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH3117 day
of the monthהַחֹ֤דֶשׁha·ḥō·ḏešArticle; Noun - masculine singularH2320 (newness), new moon, month
forכִּ֤יkîConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
he was grievedנֶעְצַב֙ne‘·ṣaḇVerb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH6087 hurt, pain, grieve
byכִּ֥יkîConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
his father’sאָבִֽיו׃ס’ā·ḇîwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH1 father
shameful treatmentהִכְלִמ֖וֹhiḵ·li·mōwVerb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singularH3637 be humiliated
ofאֶל־’el-PrepositionH413 motion to
Davidדָּוִ֔דdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

1 Samuel 20:30 Proverbs 21:24 · James 1:19–20

1 Samuel 20:31 1 Samuel 19:6 · 1 Samuel 20:8

1 Samuel 20:32 Matthew 27:23 · 1 Samuel 19:5 · Genesis 31:36 · Luke 23:22

1 Samuel 20:33 1 Samuel 20:7 · 1 Samuel 18:11

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.