Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy 22:23–29
23If there is a virgin pledged in marriage to a man, and another man encounters her in the city and sleeps with her, 24you must take both of them out to the gate of that city and stone them to death— the young woman because she did not cry out in the city, and the man because he has violated his neighbor’s wife. So you must purge the evil from among you.
25But if the man encounters a betrothed woman in the open country, and he overpowers her and lies with her, only the man who has done this must die. 26Do nothing to the young woman, because she has committed no sin worthy of death. This case is just like one in which a man attacks his neighbor and murders him. 27When he found her in the field, the betrothed woman cried out, but there was no one to save her.
28If a man encounters a virgin who is not pledged in marriage, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are discovered, 29then the man who lay with her must pay the young woman’s father fifty shekels of silver,e and she must become his wife because he has violated her. He must not divorce her as long as he lives.
Footnotes
- e 22:29 50 shekels is approximately 1.26 pounds or 569.8 grams of silver.
Word by word
Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.
Deuteronomy 22:23
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| If | כִּ֤י | kî | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| there is | יִהְיֶה֙ | yih·yeh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| a virgin | בְתוּלָ֔ה | ḇə·ṯū·lāh | Noun - feminine singular | H1330 virgin |
| pledged in marriage | מְאֹרָשָׂ֖ה | mə·’ō·rā·śāh | Verb - Pual - Participle - feminine singular | H781 betroth |
| to a man | לְאִ֑ישׁ | lə·’îš | Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| and another man | אִ֛ישׁ | ’îš | Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| encounters her | וּמְצָאָ֥הּ | ū·mə·ṣā·’āh | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H4672 attain to, find |
| in the city | בָּעִ֖יר | bā·‘îr | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5892 excitement |
| and sleeps | וְשָׁכַ֥ב | wə·šā·ḵaḇ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H7901 lie down |
| with her | עִמָּֽהּ׃ | ‘im·māh | Preposition; third person feminine singular | H5973 with |
Deuteronomy 22:24
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| you must take both | שְׁנֵיהֶ֜ם | šə·nê·hem | Number - masculine dual construct; third person masculine plural | H8147 two |
| of them out | וְהוֹצֵאתֶ֨ם | wə·hō·w·ṣê·ṯem | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural | H3318 go or come out |
| to | אֶל־ | ’el- | Preposition | H413 motion to |
| the gate | שַׁ֣עַר׀ | ša·‘ar | Noun - masculine singular construct | H8179 gate |
| of that | הַהִ֗וא | ha·hi·w | Article; Pronoun - third person feminine singular | H1931 he, she |
| city | הָעִ֣יר | hā·‘îr | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5892 excitement |
| and stone | וּסְקַלְתֶּ֨ם | ū·sə·qal·tem | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural | H5619 stone, put to death by stoning |
| them | בָּאֲבָנִים֮ | bā·’ă·ḇā·nîm | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine plural | H68 stone |
| to death | וָמֵתוּ֒ | wā·mê·ṯū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural | H4191 die |
| the young woman | הַנַּעַר | han·na·ʿar | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| because | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| she did not | לֹא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| cry out | צָעֲקָ֣ה | ṣā·‘ă·qāh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H6817 cry, cry out, call |
| in the city | בָעִ֔יר | ḇā·‘îr | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5892 excitement |
| and the man | הָאִ֔ישׁ | hā·’îš | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| because | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| he has violated | עִנָּ֖ה | ‘in·nāh | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular | H6031 be occupied, busied with |
| his neighbor’s | רֵעֵ֑הוּ | rê·‘ê·hū | Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H7453 shouting, roar |
| wife | אֵ֣שֶׁת | ’ê·šeṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H802 woman, wife, female |
| So you must purge | וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ | ū·ḇi·‘ar·tā | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular | H1197 burn, consume |
| the evil | הָרָ֖ע | hā·rā‘ | Article; Adjective - masculine singular | H7451 bad, evil |
| from among you | מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃ס | miq·qir·be·ḵā | Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular construct; second person masculine singular | H7130 inward part, midst |
Deuteronomy 22:25
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| But if | וְֽאִם־ | wə·’im- | Conjunction | H518 if |
| the man | הָאִ֗ישׁ | hā·’îš | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| encounters | יִמְצָ֣א | yim·ṣā | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H4672 attain to, find |
| a betrothed | הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה | ham·’ō·rā·śāh | Article; Verb - Pual - Participle - feminine singular | H781 betroth |
| woman | הַנַּעַר | han·na·ʿar | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| in the open country | בַּשָּׂדֶ֞ה | baś·śā·ḏeh | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7704 id. |
| and he | הָאִ֖ישׁ | hā·’îš | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| overpowers | וְהֶחֱזִֽיק־ | wə·he·ḥĕ·zîq- | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H2388 be or grow firm, strong, strengthen |
| her | בָּ֥הּ | bāh | Preposition; third person feminine singular | |
| and lies | וְשָׁכַ֣ב | wə·šā·ḵaḇ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H7901 lie down |
| with her | עִמָּ֑הּ | ‘im·māh | Preposition; third person feminine singular | H5973 with |
| only | לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ | lə·ḇad·dōw | Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H905 separation |
| the man | הָאִ֛ישׁ | hā·’îš | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| who | אֲשֶׁר־ | ’ă·šer- | Pronoun - relative | H834 particle of relation |
| must die | וּמֵ֗ת | ū·mêṯ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H4191 die |
Deuteronomy 22:26
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Do | תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה | ṯa·‘ă·śeh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular | H6213 do, make |
| nothing | לֹא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| to the young woman | וְלַנַּעַר | wə·lan·na·ʿar | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| because | כִּ֡י | kî | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| she | לַנַּעַר | lan·na·ʿar | Preposition-l, Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| no | אֵ֥ין | ’ên | Adverb | H369 nothing, nought |
| sin | חֵ֣טְא | ḥêṭ | Noun - masculine singular construct | H2399 sin |
| of death | מָ֑וֶת | mā·weṯ | Noun - masculine singular | H4194 death |
| This | הַזֶּֽה׃ | haz·zeh | Article; Pronoun - masculine singular | H2088 this, that |
| case | הַדָּבָ֥ר | had·dā·ḇār | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H1697 speech, word |
| is just like | כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ | ka·’ă·šer | Preposition-k; Pronoun - relative | H834 particle of relation |
| one in which a man | אִ֤ישׁ | ’îš | Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| attacks | יָק֨וּם | yā·qūm | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H6965 arise, stand up, stand |
| his neighbor | רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ | rê·‘ê·hū | Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H7453 shouting, roar |
| and murders him | וּרְצָח֣וֹ | ū·rə·ṣā·ḥōw | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singular | H7523 murder, slay |
Deuteronomy 22:27
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| When | כִּ֥י | kî | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| he found her | מְצָאָ֑הּ | mə·ṣā·’āh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H4672 attain to, find |
| in the field | בַשָּׂדֶ֖ה | ḇaś·śā·ḏeh | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7704 id. |
| the betrothed | הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה | ham·’ō·rā·śāh | Article; Verb - Pual - Participle - feminine singular | H781 betroth |
| woman | הַנַּעַר | han·na·ʿar | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| cried out | צָעֲקָ֗ה | ṣā·‘ă·qāh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H6817 cry, cry out, call |
| but there was no one | וְאֵ֥ין | wə·’ên | Conjunctive waw; Adverb | H369 nothing, nought |
| to save | מוֹשִׁ֖יעַ | mō·wō·šî·a‘ | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular | H3467 deliver |
| her | לָֽהּ׃ס | lāh | Preposition; third person feminine singular |
Deuteronomy 22:28
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| If | כִּֽי־ | kî- | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| a man | אִ֗ישׁ | ’îš | Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| encounters | יִמְצָ֣א | yim·ṣā | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H4672 attain to, find |
| a virgin | בְתוּלָה֙ | ḇə·ṯū·lāh | Noun - feminine singular | H1330 virgin |
| who | אֲשֶׁ֣ר | ’ă·šer | Pronoun - relative | H834 particle of relation |
| is not | לֹא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| pledged in marriage | אֹרָ֔שָׂה | ’ō·rā·śāh | Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H781 betroth |
| and he seizes her | וּתְפָשָׂ֖הּ | ū·ṯə·p̄ā·śāh | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H8610 lay hold of, wield |
| and lies | וְשָׁכַ֣ב | wə·šā·ḵaḇ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H7901 lie down |
| with her | עִמָּ֑הּ | ‘im·māh | Preposition; third person feminine singular | H5973 with |
| and they are discovered | וְנִמְצָֽאוּ׃ | wə·nim·ṣā·’ū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural | H4672 attain to, find |
Deuteronomy 22:29
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| then the man | הָאִ֨ישׁ | hā·’îš | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H376 man |
| who lay | הַשֹּׁכֵ֥ב | haš·šō·ḵêḇ | Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H7901 lie down |
| with her | עִמָּ֛הּ | ‘im·māh | Preposition; third person feminine singular | H5973 with |
| must pay | וְ֠נָתַן | wə·nā·ṯan | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H5414 give, put, set |
| the young woman’s | הַנַּעַר | han·na·ʿar | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H5291 girl, damsel |
| father | לַאֲבִ֥י | la·’ă·ḇî | Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct | H1 father |
| fifty | חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים | ḥă·miš·šîm | Number - common plural | H2572 fifty |
| of silver | כָּ֑סֶף | kā·sep̄ | Noun - masculine singular | H3701 silver, money |
| and | וְלֽוֹ־ | wə·lōw- | Conjunctive waw; Preposition; third person masculine singular | |
| she must become | תִהְיֶ֣ה | ṯih·yeh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| his wife | לְאִשָּׁ֗ה | lə·’iš·šāh | Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular | H802 woman, wife, female |
| because | תַּ֚חַת | ta·ḥaṯ | Preposition | H8478 the under part |
| he has violated her | עִנָּ֔הּ | ‘in·nāh | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H6031 be occupied, busied with |
| He must not | לֹא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| divorce her | שַׁלְּחָ֖ה | šal·lə·ḥå̄h | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person feminine singular | H7971 send |
| as | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| long as he lives | יָמָֽיו׃ס | yā·māw | Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H3117 day |
Cross-references
Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.
Deuteronomy 22:23 Matthew 1:18–19
Deuteronomy 22:24 Deuteronomy 22:21–22 · Deuteronomy 21:14 · 1 Corinthians 5:13
Deuteronomy 22:25 2 Samuel 13:14
Deuteronomy 22:26 Deuteronomy 21:22
Deuteronomy 22:28 Exodus 22:16–17
Deuteronomy 22:29 Deuteronomy 22:19 · Deuteronomy 22:24 · Deuteronomy 21:14
Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.
Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.