Joshua

Joshua 10:1–5

¹Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction^a — doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king — and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them. ²So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities; it was larger than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

³Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying, ⁴“Come up and help me. We will attack Gibeon, because they have made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.”

⁵So the five kings of the Amorites— the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon— joined forces and advanced with all their armies. They camped before Gibeon and made war against it.

Footnotes

a 10:1 Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 28, 35, 37, 39, and 40.

Read all of Joshua 10

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Joshua 10:1

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Now	וַיְהִי֩	way·hî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
Adoni-zedek	צֶ֜דֶק	ṣe·ḏeq	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H139 Adoni-Tsedek
king	מֶ֣לֶךְ	me·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Jerusalem	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם	yə·rū·šā·lim	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3389 Jerusalem
heard	כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ	ḵiš·mō·a‘	Preposition-k; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H8085 hear
that	כִּֽי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
had captured	לָכַ֨ד	lā·ḵaḏ	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H3920 capture, seize, take (by lot)
Ai	הָעַי֮	hā·‘ay	Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5857 Ai, Aja, Ajath
and devoted it to destruction	וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒	way·ya·ḥă·rî·māh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular	H2763 ban, devote, exterminate
doing to	עָשָׂ֤ה	‘ā·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
Ai	לָעַ֖י	lā·‘ay	Preposition-l; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5857 Ai, Aja, Ajath
and its king	וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ	ū·lə·mal·kāh	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H4428 king
as	כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר	ka·’ă·šer	Preposition-k; Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
he had done to	עָשָׂ֥ה	‘ā·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
Jericho	לִֽירִיחוֹ֙	lî·rî·ḥōw	Preposition-l; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3405 Jericho
and its king	וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ	ū·lə·mal·kāh	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H4428 king
and that	וְכִ֨י	wə·ḵî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
the people	יֹשְׁבֵ֤י	yō·šə·ḇê	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
of Gibeon	גִבְעוֹן֙	ḡiḇ·‘ō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1391 Gibon
had made peace	הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ	hiš·lî·mū	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural	H7999 be complete, sound
with	אֶת־	’eṯ-	Direct object marker	H854 with
Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
and were	וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ	way·yih·yū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
near them	בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃	bə·qir·bām	Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine plural	H7130 inward part, midst

Joshua 10:2

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So	מְאֹ֔ד	mə·’ōḏ	Adverb	H3966 muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
alarmed	וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ	way·yî·rə·’ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3372 fear
because	כִּ֣י	kî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
Gibeon	גִּבְע֔וֹן	giḇ·‘ō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1391 Gibon
a great	גְּדוֹלָה֙	gə·ḏō·w·lāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H1419 great
city	עִ֤יר	‘îr	Noun - feminine singular	H5892 excitement
like one	כְּאַחַ֖ת	kə·’a·ḥaṯ	Preposition-k; Number - feminine singular construct	H259 one
of the royal	הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה	ham·mam·lā·ḵāh	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H4467 kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, reign
cities	עָרֵ֣י	‘ā·rê	Noun - feminine plural construct	H5892 excitement
it	הִ֤יא	hî	Pronoun - third person feminine singular	H1931 he, she
was larger	גְדוֹלָה֙	ḡə·ḏō·w·lāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H1419 great
than	מִן־	min-	Preposition	H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
Ai	הָעַ֔י	hā·‘ay	Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5857 Ai, Aja, Ajath
and all	וְכָל־	wə·ḵāl	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
its men	אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ	’ă·nā·še·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H582 man, mankind
were mighty	גִּבֹּרִֽים׃	gib·bō·rîm	Adjective - masculine plural	H1368 strong, mighty

Joshua 10:3

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Therefore Adoni-zedek	צֶ֜דֶק	ṣe·ḏeq	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H139 Adoni-Tsedek
king	מֶ֣לֶךְ	me·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Jerusalem	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם	yə·rū·šā·lim	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3389 Jerusalem
sent	וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח	way·yiš·laḥ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7971 send
word to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
Hoham	הוֹהָ֣ם	hō·w·hām	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1944 Hoham
king	מֶֽלֶךְ־	me·leḵ-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Hebron	חֶ֠בְרוֹן	ḥeḇ·rō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H2275 Hebron
Piram	פִּרְאָ֨ם	pir·’ām	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H6502 Piram
king	מֶֽלֶךְ־	me·leḵ-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Jarmuth	יַרְמ֜וּת	yar·mūṯ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3412 Jarmuth
Japhia	יָפִ֧יעַ	yā·p̄î·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3309 on border of Zebulun
king	מֶֽלֶךְ־	me·leḵ-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Lachish	לָכִ֛ישׁ	lā·ḵîš	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3923 Lakish
and Debir	דְּבִ֥יר	də·ḇîr	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1688 Debir
king	מֶֽלֶךְ־	me·leḵ-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Eglon	עֶגְל֖וֹן	‘eḡ·lō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5700 Eglon
saying	לֵאמֹֽר׃	lê·mōr	Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H559 utter, say

Joshua 10:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Come up	עֲלֽוּ־	‘ă·lū-	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural	H5927 go up, ascend, climb
and help me	וְעִזְרֻ֔נִי	wə·‘iz·ru·nî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural; first person common singular	H5826 help, succour
We will attack	וְנַכֶּ֖ה	wə·nak·keh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural	H5221 smite
Gibeon	גִּבְע֑וֹן	giḇ·‘ō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1391 Gibon
because	כִּֽי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
they have made peace	הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה	hiš·lî·māh	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H7999 be complete, sound
with	אֶת־	’eṯ-	Direct object marker	H854 with
Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
and the Israelites	בְּנֵ֥י	bə·nê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H1121 son

Joshua 10:5

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So the five	חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀	ḥă·mê·šeṯ	Number - masculine singular construct	H2568 five
kings	מַלְכֵ֣י	mal·ḵê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H4428 king
of the Amorites	הָאֱמֹרִ֗י	hā·’ĕ·mō·rî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H567 Amorites
the kings	מֶ֣לֶךְ	me·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Jerusalem	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם	yə·rū·šā·lim	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3389 Jerusalem
Hebron	חֶבְר֤וֹן	ḥeḇ·rō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H2275 Hebron
Jarmuth	יַרְמוּת֙	yar·mūṯ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3412 Jarmuth
Lachish	לָכִ֣ישׁ	lā·ḵîš	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3923 Lakish
and Eglon	עֶגְל֔וֹן	‘eḡ·lō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5700 Eglon
joined forces	וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ	way·yê·’ā·sə·p̄ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H622 gather, remove
and advanced	וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ	way·ya·‘ă·lū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H5927 go up, ascend, climb
with all	וְכָל־	wə·ḵāl	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
their armies	מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם	ma·ḥă·nê·hem	Noun - common plural construct; third person masculine plural	H4264 encampment, camp
They camped	וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙	way·ya·ḥă·nū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H2583 decline, bend down, encamp
before	עַל־	‘al-	Preposition	H5921 height
Gibeon	גִּבְע֔וֹן	giḇ·‘ō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1391 Gibon
and made war	וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ	way·yil·lā·ḥă·mū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3898 fight, do battle
against it	עָלֶֽיהָ׃	‘ā·le·hā	Preposition; third person feminine singular	H5921 height

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

Joshua 10:2 Deuteronomy 11:25 · Joshua 2:24 · Exodus 15:14–16

Joshua 10:3 Micah 1:13 · 2 Chronicles 11:9

Joshua 10:4 Joshua 9:15 · Joshua 10:1

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.