Judges

Judges 1:9–13

⁹Afterward, the men of Judah marched down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country, in the Negev, and in the foothills.^a

¹⁰Judah also marched against the Canaanites who were living in Hebron (formerly known as Kiriath-arba), and they struck down Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.

¹¹From there they marched against the inhabitants of Debir (formerly known as Kiriath-sepher). ¹²And Caleb said, “To the man who strikes down Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will give my daughter Acsah in marriage.” ¹³So Othniel son of Caleb’s younger brother Kenaz captured the city, and Caleb gave his daughter Acsah to him in marriage.

Footnotes

a 1:9 Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea

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Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Judges 1:9

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Afterward	וְאַחַ֗ר	wə·’a·ḥar	Conjunctive waw; Adverb	H310 behind
the men	בְּנֵ֣י	bə·nê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H1121 son
of Judah	יְהוּדָ֔ה	yə·hū·ḏāh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3063 Judah
marched down	יָֽרְדוּ֙	yā·rə·ḏū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H3381 come or go down, descend
to fight	לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם	lə·hil·lā·ḥêm	Preposition-l; Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct	H3898 fight, do battle
against the Canaanites	בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י	bak·kə·na·‘ă·nî	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3669 trader, merchant
living	יוֹשֵׁ֣ב	yō·wō·šêḇ	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
in the hill country	הָהָ֔ר	hā·hār	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
in the Negev	וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב	wə·han·ne·ḡeḇ	Conjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5045 south-country, Negeb, south
and in the foothills	וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃	wə·haš·šə·p̄ê·lāh	Conjunctive waw, Article; Noun - feminine singular	H8219 lowland

Judges 1:10

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Judah	יְהוּדָ֗ה	yə·hū·ḏāh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3063 Judah
also marched	וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ	way·yê·leḵ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
against	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the Canaanites	הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙	hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3669 trader, merchant
who were living	הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב	hay·yō·wō·šêḇ	Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
in Hebron	בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן	bə·ḥeḇ·rō·wn	Preposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H2275 Hebron
formerly	לְפָנִ֖ים	lə·p̄ā·nîm	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural	H6440 face, before
known as	וְשֵׁם־	wə·šêm-	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H8034 name
Kiriath-arba	אַרְבַּ֑ע	’ar·ba‘	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H7153 Kirjath-Arba, Kirjath-ha-Arba
and they struck down	וַיַּכּ֛וּ	way·yak·kū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H5221 smite
Sheshai	שֵׁשַׁ֥י	šê·šay	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H8344 Sheshai
Ahiman	אֲחִימַ֖ן	’ă·ḥî·man	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H289 Achiman
and Talmai	תַּלְמָֽי׃	tal·māy	Noun - proper	H8526 Talmai

Judges 1:11

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
From there	מִשָּׁ֔ם	miš·šām	Preposition-m; Adverb	H8033 there, thither
they marched	וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ	way·yê·leḵ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
against	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the inhabitants	יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י	yō·wō·šə·ḇê	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
of Debir	דְּבִ֑יר	də·ḇîr	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1688 Debir
formerly	לְפָנִ֖ים	lə·p̄ā·nîm	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural	H6440 face, before
known as	וְשֵׁם־	wə·šêm-	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H8034 name
Kiriath-sepher	סֵֽפֶר׃	sê·p̄er	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H7158 Kirjath-Sannah, Kirjath-Sepher

Judges 1:12

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And Caleb	כָּלֵ֔ב	kā·lêḇ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3612 Caleb
said	וַיֹּ֣אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
To the man	אֲשֶׁר־	’ă·šer-	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
who strikes down	יַכֶּ֥ה	yak·keh	Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H5221 smite
Kiriath-sepher	סֵ֖פֶר	sê·p̄er	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H7158 Kirjath-Sannah, Kirjath-Sepher
and captures it	וּלְכָדָ֑הּ	ū·lə·ḵā·ḏāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular	H3920 capture, seize, take (by lot)
I will give	וְנָתַ֥תִּי	wə·nā·ṯat·tî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular	H5414 give, put, set
my daughter	בִתִּ֖י	ḇit·tî	Noun - feminine singular construct; first person common singular	H1323 daughter
Acsah	עַכְסָ֥ה	‘aḵ·sāh	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5915 Aksah
in marriage	לְאִשָּֽׁה׃	lə·’iš·šāh	Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular	H802 woman, wife, female

Judges 1:13

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So Othniel	עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל	‘ā·ṯə·nî·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H6274 Othniel
son	בֶּן־	ben-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H1121 son
of Caleb’s	כָלֵ֖ב	ḵā·lêḇ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3612 Caleb
younger	הַקָּטֹ֣ן	haq·qā·ṭōn	Article; Adjective - masculine singular	H6996 small, young, unimportant
brother	אֲחִ֥י	’ă·ḥî	Noun - masculine singular construct	H251 brother
Kenaz	קְנַ֔ז	qə·naz	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H7073 Kenaz
captured	וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙	way·yil·kə·ḏāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular	H3920 capture, seize, take (by lot)
and	וַיִּתֶּן־	way·yit·ten-	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H5414 give, put, set
his daughter	בִתּ֖וֹ	ḇit·tōw	Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H1323 daughter
Acsah	עַכְסָ֥ה	‘aḵ·sāh	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5915 Aksah
to him	ל֛וֹ	lōw	Preposition; third person masculine singular
in marriage	לְאִשָּֽׁה׃	lə·’iš·šāh	Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular	H802 woman, wife, female