Word study

Vindication

4 Hebrew and 1 Greek words behind this English word

The original-language words that the Berean Standard Bible translates with “vindication”. English often uses one word where Hebrew or Greek has several, each with its own shade of meaning. Under each word are verses where it is translated this way; choose the word itself for its full study: every verse, how else it is translated, the forms it takes and what the dictionaries say.

At a glance

How often each original word is translated “vindication” or one of its forms.

Compare the Hebrew words side by side

Hebrew and Aramaic words (Old Testament)

  • צְדָקָה tsedâqâhrighteousnesstranslated this way 5 times of its 158 uses · Strong’s H6666Noun  ·  Translated: righteousness 114, right 13, righteous acts 7, vindication 5

    Psalm 24:5 He will receive blessing from the LORD and vindication from the God of his salvation.

    Isaiah 54:17 No weapon formed against you shall prosper, and you will refute every tongue that accuses you. This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their vindication is from Me,” declares the LORD.

    Full study and all 150 verses →
  • מִשְׁפָּט mishpâṭjudgmenttranslated this way 2 times of its 406 uses · Strong’s H4941Noun  ·  Translated: justice 111, ordinances 73, judgments 40, judgment 40

    Psalm 17:2 May my vindication come from Your presence; may Your eyes see what is right.

    Full study and all 394 verses →
  • כְּסוּת kesûthcoveringtranslated this way 1 time of its 8 uses · Strong’s H3682Noun  ·  Translated: covering 4, cloak 2, vindication 1, clothing 1

    Genesis 20:16 And he said to Sarah, “See, I am giving your brother a thousand pieces of silver. It is your vindication before all who are with you; you are completely cleared.”

    Full study and all 8 verses →
  • צֶדֶק tsedeqrightness, righteousnesstranslated this way 1 time of its 116 uses · Strong’s H6664Noun  ·  Translated: righteousness 57, righteous 19, honest 6, justice 5

    Psalm 35:27 May those who favor my vindication shout for joy and gladness; may they always say, “Exalted be the LORD who delights in His servant’s well-being.”

    Full study and all 111 verses →

Greek words (New Testament)

  • ἐκδίκησις ekdíkēsisa defense, vengeance, full punishmenttranslated this way 1 time of its 9 uses · Strong’s G1557Noun  ·  Translated: vengeance 4, justice 2, avenged 1, vindication 1

    2 Corinthians 7:11 Consider what this godly sorrow has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what zeal, what vindication! In every way you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter.

    Full study and all 9 verses →
How to study a word well
  1. Start from the verse, not the dictionary. Find which Hebrew or Greek word stands in the verse you are studying. One English word often translates several different original words.
  2. Read every place the word is used. A word means what its writers used it to mean. The list of verses and the count by book show its range, and who uses it most.
  3. Look at how it is translated. A word rendered five different ways has a wider meaning than any one English word can carry.
  4. Notice the form. A command is not a statement, and a passive verb is something done to the subject. The form in your verse is part of the meaning.
  5. See what it keeps company with. The words that appear beside it again and again show how the Bible itself connects ideas.
  6. Then read the dictionaries. They give the considered view of scholars, with their evidence.
  7. Come back to the verse. Context decides. A word does not carry every one of its meanings into every verse, and where a word came from does not settle what it means in a sentence written centuries later.

Scripture text and translation counts: Berean Standard Bible. Full entry: Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906, public domain), in the digital edition Brown-Driver-Briggs Enhanced by unfoldingWord (Joel Ruark, J. de Joode), based on data by Eliran Wong and Stephen Ku; its additions are used under CC BY 4.0. Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project, CC BY 4.0. Hebrew-to-English verse numbering: original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb, CC BY 4.0. We reformatted the data, linked the references to this site’s Bible text and left out words in other scripts that the source holds only as images. These are historical reference works; an entry gives its authors’ view, and a word’s meaning in any verse depends on how it is used there.