1 Samuel
1 Samuel 31:1–3
1Now the Philistines fought against Israel, and the men of Israel fled before them, and many fell slain on Mount Gilboa.
2The Philistines hotly pursued Saul and his sons, and they killed Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchishua. 3When the battle intensified against Saul, the archers overtook him and wounded him critically.
Word by word
Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.
1 Samuel 31:1
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Now the Philistines | וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים | ū·p̄ə·liš·tîm | Conjunctive waw; Noun - proper - masculine plural | H6430 Philistine |
| fought | נִלְחָמִ֣ים | nil·ḥā·mîm | Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural | H3898 fight, do battle |
| against Israel | בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | bə·yiś·rā·’êl | Preposition-b; Noun - proper - masculine singular | H3478 Israel |
| and the men | אַנְשֵׁ֤י | ’an·šê | Noun - masculine plural construct | H582 man, mankind |
| of Israel | יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ | yiś·rā·’êl | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H3478 Israel |
| fled | וַיָּנֻ֜סוּ | way·yā·nu·sū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | H5127 flee, escape |
| before | מִפְּנֵ֣י | mip·pə·nê | Preposition-m; Noun - common plural construct | H6440 face, before |
| them | פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים | p̄ə·liš·tîm | Noun - proper - masculine plural | H6430 Philistine |
| and | וַיִּפְּל֥וּ | way·yip·pə·lū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | H5307 fall, lie |
| slain | חֲלָלִ֖ים | ḥă·lā·lîm | Noun - masculine plural | H2491 pierced |
| on Mount | בְּהַ֥ר | bə·har | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct | H2022 mountain, hill, hill-country |
| Gilboa | הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃ | hag·gil·bō·a‘ | Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular | H1533 Gilboa` |
1 Samuel 31:2
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Philistines | פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים | p̄ə·liš·tîm | Noun - proper - masculine plural | H6430 Philistine |
| hotly pursued | וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ | way·yaḏ·bə·qū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | H1692 cling, cleave, keep close |
| Saul | שָׁא֖וּל | šā·’ūl | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H7586 Shaul |
| and his sons | בָּנָ֑יו | bā·nāw | Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H1121 son |
| and they killed | וַיַּכּ֣וּ | way·yak·kū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | H5221 smite |
| Saul’s | שָׁאֽוּל׃ | šā·’ūl | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H7586 Shaul |
| sons | בְּנֵ֥י | bə·nê | Noun - masculine plural construct | H1121 son |
| Jonathan | יְהוֹנָתָ֧ן | yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H3083 Jehonathan |
| Abinadab | אֲבִינָדָ֛ב | ’ă·ḇî·nā·ḏāḇ | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H41 Abinadab |
| and | וְאֶת־ | wə·’eṯ- | Conjunctive waw; Direct object marker | H853 mark of the accusative |
| Malchishua | שׁ֖וּעַ | šū·a‘ | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H4444 Malkishua |
1 Samuel 31:3
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| When the battle | הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ | ham·mil·ḥā·māh | Article; Noun - feminine singular | H4421 battle, war |
| intensified | וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד | wat·tiḵ·baḏ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular | H3513 be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured |
| against | אֶל־ | ’el- | Preposition | H413 motion to |
| Saul | שָׁא֔וּל | šā·’ūl | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H7586 Shaul |
| the archers | הַמּוֹרִ֖ים | ham·mō·w·rîm | Article; Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural | H3384 throw, shoot |
| overtook him | וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּ | way·yim·ṣā·’u·hū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural; third person masculine singular | H4672 attain to, find |
| and wounded him | וַיָּ֥חֶל | way·yā·ḥel | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | H2342 whirl, dance, writhe |
| critically | מְאֹ֖ד | mə·’ōḏ | Adverb | H3966 muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly |
Cross-references
Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.
1 Samuel 31:1 1 Chronicles 10:1–12 · 1 Samuel 28:4 · 2 Samuel 1:21
1 Samuel 31:2 1 Chronicles 8:33 · 1 Samuel 14:49
1 Samuel 31:3 2 Samuel 1:6
Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.
Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.