Daniel

Daniel 1:8–14

⁸But Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the king’s food or wine. So he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself.

⁹Now God had granted Daniel favor and compassion from the chief official, ¹⁰but he said to Daniel, “I fear my lord the king, who has assigned your food and drink. For why should he see your faces looking thinner than those of the other young men your age? You would endanger my head before the king!”

¹¹Then Daniel said to the steward whom the chief official had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, ¹²“Please test your servants for ten days. Let us be given only vegetables to eat and water to drink. ¹³Then compare our appearances with those of the young men who are eating the royal food, and deal with your servants according to what you see.”

¹⁴So he consented to this and tested them for ten days.

Read all of Daniel 1

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Daniel 1:8

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
But Daniel	דָּנִיֵּאל֙	dā·nî·yêl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1841 Daniel
made	וַיָּ֤שֶׂם	way·yā·śem	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7760 put, place, set
up	עַל־	‘al-	Preposition	H5921 height
his mind	לִבּ֔וֹ	lib·bōw	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H3820 inner man, mind, will, heart
that	אֲשֶׁ֧ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
he would not	לֹֽא־	lō-	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
defile himself	יִתְגָּאַ֛ל	yiṯ·gā·’al	Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1351 defile
with the king’s	הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ	ham·me·leḵ	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4428 king
food	בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג	bə·p̄aṯ·baḡ	Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct	H6598 portion
or wine	וּבְיֵ֣ין	ū·ḇə·yên	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3196 wine
So he asked	וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙	way·ḇaq·qêš	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1245 seek
the chief	מִשַּׂ֣ר	miś·śar	Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular construct	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
official	הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים	has·sā·rî·sîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H5631 eunuch
for permission	אֲשֶׁ֖ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
not	לֹ֥א	lō	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
to defile himself	יִתְגָּאָֽל׃	yiṯ·gā·’āl	Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1351 defile

Daniel 1:9

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Now God	הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙	hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H430 God
had granted	וַיִּתֵּ֤ן	way·yit·tên	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H5414 give, put, set
Daniel	דָּ֣נִיֵּ֔אל	dā·nî·yêl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1841 Daniel
favor	לְחֶ֖סֶד	lə·ḥe·seḏ	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular	H2617 goodness, kindness
and compassion	וּֽלְרַחֲמִ֑ים	ū·lə·ra·ḥă·mîm	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural	H7356 womb
from	לִפְנֵ֖י	lip̄·nê	Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct	H6440 face, before
the chief	שַׂ֥ר	śar	Noun - masculine singular construct	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
official	הַסָּרִיסִֽים׃	has·sā·rî·sîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H5631 eunuch

Daniel 1:10

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
but he	שַׂ֤ר	śar	Noun - masculine singular construct	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
said	וַיֹּ֜אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
to Daniel	לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל	lə·ḏā·nî·yêl	Preposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1841 Daniel
I	אֲנִי֙	’ă·nî	Pronoun - first person common singular	H589 I
fear	יָרֵ֤א	yā·rê	Adjective - masculine singular	H3373 fear
my lord	אֲדֹנִ֣י	’ă·ḏō·nî	Noun - masculine singular construct; first person common singular	H113 lord
the king	הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ	ham·me·leḵ	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4428 king
who	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
has assigned	מִנָּ֔ה	min·nāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H4487 count, number, reckon, assign
your food	מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם	ma·’ă·ḵal·ḵem	Noun - masculine singular construct; second person masculine plural	H3978 food
and drink	מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם	miš·tê·ḵem	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine plural	H4960 feast
For	אֲשֶׁ֡ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
why	לָמָּה֩	lām·māh	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
should he see	יִרְאֶ֨ה	yir·’eh	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7200 see
your faces	פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם	pə·nê·ḵem	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine plural	H6440 face, before
looking thinner	זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים	zō·‘ă·p̄îm	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural	H2196 be out of humour, vexed; be enraged
than	מִן־	min-	Preposition	H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
those of the other young men	הַיְלָדִים֙	hay·lā·ḏîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H3206 child, son, boy, youth
your age	כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם	kə·ḡî·lə·ḵem	Preposition-k; Noun - masculine singular construct; second person masculine plural	H1524 rejoicing
You would endanger	וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם	wə·ḥî·yaḇ·tem	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine plural	H2325 be guilty
my head	רֹאשִׁ֖י	rō·šî	Noun - masculine singular construct; first person common singular	H7218 head
before the king	לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃	lam·me·leḵ	Preposition-l, Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4428 king

Daniel 1:11

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then Daniel	דָּנִיֵּ֖אל	dā·nî·yêl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1841 Daniel
said	וַיֹּ֥אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the steward	הַמֶּלְצַ֑ר	ham·mel·ṣar	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4453 guardian ?
whom	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
the chief	שַׂ֣ר	śar	Noun - masculine singular construct	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
official	הַסָּֽרִיסִ֔ים	has·sā·rî·sîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H5631 eunuch
had appointed	מִנָּה֙	min·nāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H4487 count, number, reckon, assign
over	עַל־	‘al-	Preposition	H5921 height
Daniel	דָּנִיֵּ֣אל	dā·nî·yêl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1841 Daniel
Hananiah	חֲנַנְיָ֔ה	ḥă·nan·yāh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H2608 Chananjah
Mishael	מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל	mî·šā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H4332 Mishael
and Azariah	וַעֲזַרְיָֽה׃	wa·‘ă·zar·yāh	Conjunctive waw; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H5838 Azarjah

Daniel 1:12

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Please	נָ֥א	nā	Interjection	H4994 I (we) pray, now
test	נַס־	nas-	Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular	H5254 test, try
your servants	עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ	‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H5650 slave, servant
for ten	עֲשָׂרָ֑ה	‘ă·śā·rāh	Number - masculine singular	H6235 ten
days	יָמִ֣ים	yā·mîm	Noun - masculine plural	H3117 day
Let us be given	וְיִתְּנוּ־	wə·yit·tə·nū-	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H5414 give, put, set
only	מִן־	min-	Preposition	H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
vegetables	הַזֵּרֹעִ֛ים	haz·zê·rō·‘îm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H2235 vegetable
to eat	וְנֹאכְלָ֖ה	wə·nō·ḵə·lāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural	H398 eat
and water	וּמַ֥יִם	ū·ma·yim	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural	H4325 water, juice, urine
to drink	וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃	wə·niš·teh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural	H8354 drink

Daniel 1:13

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then compare	וְיֵרָא֤וּ	wə·yê·rā·’ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Conjunctive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H7200 see
our appearances	מַרְאֵ֔ינוּ	mar·’ê·nū	Noun - masculine plural construct; first person common plural	H4758 sight, appearance, vision
with those	וּמַרְאֵה֙	ū·mar·’êh	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H4758 sight, appearance, vision
of the young men	הַיְלָדִ֔ים	hay·lā·ḏîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H3206 child, son, boy, youth
who are eating	הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים	hā·’ō·ḵə·lîm	Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural	H398 eat
the royal	הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ	ham·me·leḵ	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4428 king
food	פַּתְבַּ֣ג	paṯ·baḡ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H6598 portion
and deal	עֲשֵׂ֖ה	‘ă·śêh	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular	H6213 do, make
with	עִם־	‘im-	Preposition	H5973 with
your servants	עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃	‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H5650 slave, servant
according to what	וְכַאֲשֶׁ֣ר	wə·ḵa·’ă·šer	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-k; Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
you see	תִּרְאֵ֔ה	tir·’êh	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular	H7200 see

Daniel 1:14

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So he consented	וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע	way·yiš·ma‘	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H8085 hear
to this	הַזֶּ֑ה	haz·zeh	Article; Pronoun - masculine singular	H2088 this, that
and tested them	וַיְנַסֵּ֖ם	way·nas·sêm	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine plural	H5254 test, try
for ten	עֲשָׂרָֽה׃	‘ă·śā·rāh	Number - masculine singular	H6235 ten
days	יָמִ֥ים	yā·mîm	Noun - masculine plural	H3117 day