Word study

Persecute

2 Hebrew and 1 Greek words behind this English word

The original-language words that the Berean Standard Bible translates with one of these: persecute, persecuted, persecuting. English often uses one word where Hebrew or Greek has several, each with its own shade of meaning. Under each word are verses where it is translated this way; choose the word itself for its full study: every verse, how else it is translated, the forms it takes and what the dictionaries say.

At a glance

How often each original word is translated “persecute” or one of its forms.

Compare the Hebrew words side by side

Hebrew and Aramaic words (Old Testament)

  • רָדַף râdaphpursue, chase, persecutetranslated this way 6 times of its 142 uses · Strong’s H7291Verb  ·  Translated: pursued 36, pursue 35, pursues 9, pursuers 9

    Deuteronomy 30:7 Then the LORD your God will put all these curses upon your enemies who hate you and persecute you.

    Job 19:22 Why do you persecute me as God does? Will you never get enough of my flesh?

    Full study and all 135 verses →
  • צָרַר tsârarbind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, crampedtranslated this way 2 times of its 53 uses · Strong’s H6887Verb  ·  Translated: distress 5, foes 4, enemy 4, enemies 4

    Psalm 129:1 A song of ascents. Many a time they have persecuted me from my youth— let Israel now declare—

    Psalm 129:2 many a time they have persecuted me from my youth, but they have not prevailed against me.

    Full study and all 52 verses →

Greek words (New Testament)

  • διώκω diṓkōI pursue, persecutetranslated this way 30 times of its 45 uses · Strong’s G1377Verb  ·  Translated: persecute 13, persecuted 11, pursue 7, persecuting 4

    Matthew 5:10 Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

    Luke 11:49 Because of this, the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles; some of them they will kill and others they will persecute.’

    Full study and all 44 verses →
How to study a word well
  1. Start from the verse, not the dictionary. Find which Hebrew or Greek word stands in the verse you are studying. One English word often translates several different original words.
  2. Read every place the word is used. A word means what its writers used it to mean. The list of verses and the count by book show its range, and who uses it most.
  3. Look at how it is translated. A word rendered five different ways has a wider meaning than any one English word can carry.
  4. Notice the form. A command is not a statement, and a passive verb is something done to the subject. The form in your verse is part of the meaning.
  5. See what it keeps company with. The words that appear beside it again and again show how the Bible itself connects ideas.
  6. Then read the dictionaries. They give the considered view of scholars, with their evidence.
  7. Come back to the verse. Context decides. A word does not carry every one of its meanings into every verse, and where a word came from does not settle what it means in a sentence written centuries later.

Scripture text and translation counts: Berean Standard Bible. Full entry: Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906, public domain), in the digital edition Brown-Driver-Briggs Enhanced by unfoldingWord (Joel Ruark, J. de Joode), based on data by Eliran Wong and Stephen Ku; its additions are used under CC BY 4.0. Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project, CC BY 4.0. Hebrew-to-English verse numbering: original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb, CC BY 4.0. We reformatted the data, linked the references to this site’s Bible text and left out words in other scripts that the source holds only as images. These are historical reference works; an entry gives its authors’ view, and a word’s meaning in any verse depends on how it is used there.