Judges

Judges 3:1–4

¹These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan, ²if only to teach warfare to the subsequent generations of Israel, especially to those who had not known it formerly: ³the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.

⁴These nations were left to test the Israelites, to find out whether they would keep the commandments of the LORD, which He had given their fathers through Moses.

Read all of Judges 3

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Judges 3:1

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
These	וְאֵ֤לֶּה	wə·’êl·leh	Conjunctive waw; Pronoun - common plural	H428 these
are the nations	הַגּוֹיִם֙	hag·gō·w·yim	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H1471 nation, people
that	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
the LORD	יְהוָ֔ה	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
left	הִנִּ֣יחַ	hin·nî·aḥ	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H5117 rest
to test	לְנַסּ֥וֹת	lə·nas·sō·wṯ	Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct	H5254 test, try
all	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
the Israelites	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
who	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
had not	לֹֽא־	lō-	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
known	יָדְע֔וּ	yā·ḏə·‘ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H3045 know
any	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
of the wars	מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת	mil·ḥă·mō·wṯ	Noun - feminine plural construct	H4421 battle, war
in Canaan	כְּנָֽעַן׃	kə·nā·‘an	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3667 Canaan

Judges 3:2

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
if only	רַ֗ק	raq	Adverb	H7535 thin
to teach	לְלַמְּדָ֖ם	lə·lam·mə·ḏām	Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person masculine plural	H3925 exercise in, learn
warfare	מִלְחָמָ֑ה	mil·ḥā·māh	Noun - feminine singular	H4421 battle, war
to the subsequent generations	דֹּר֣וֹת	dō·rō·wṯ	Noun - masculine plural construct	H1755 period, generation, dwelling
of Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
especially	רַ֥ק	raq	Adverb	H7535 thin
to those who	אֲשֶׁר־	’ă·šer-	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
had not	לֹ֥א	lō	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
known it	יְדָעֽוּם׃	yə·ḏā·‘ūm	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural; third person masculine plural	H3045 know
formerly	לְפָנִ֖ים	lə·p̄ā·nîm	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural	H6440 face, before

Judges 3:3

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
the five	חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀	ḥă·mê·šeṯ	Number - masculine singular construct	H2568 five
rulers	סַרְנֵ֣י	sar·nê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H5633 tyrant, lord
of the Philistines	פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים	p̄ə·liš·tîm	Noun - proper - masculine plural	H6430 Philistine
all	וְכָל־	wə·ḵāl	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
the Canaanites	הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙	hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3669 trader, merchant
the Sidonians	וְהַצִּ֣ידֹנִ֔י	wə·haṣ·ṣî·ḏō·nî	Conjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H6722 Tsidonian
and the Hivites	וְהַ֣חִוִּ֔י	wə·ha·ḥiw·wî	Conjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H2340 Chivvite
who lived	יֹשֵׁ֖ב	yō·šêḇ	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
in the mountains	הַ֣ר	har	Noun - masculine singular construct	H2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
of Lebanon	הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן	hal·lə·ḇā·nō·wn	Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3844 Lebanon
from Mount	מֵהַר֙	mê·har	Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular construct	H2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
Baal-hermon	חֶרְמ֔וֹן	ḥer·mō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1179 Baal-Chermon
to	עַ֖ד	‘aḏ	Preposition	H5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
Lebo-hamath	חֲמָֽת׃	ḥă·māṯ	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H2574 Chamath

Judges 3:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
were	וַֽיִּהְי֕וּ	way·yih·yū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
to test	לְנַסּ֥וֹת	lə·nas·sō·wṯ	Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct	H5254 test, try
the Israelites	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
to find out	לָדַ֗עַת	lā·ḏa·‘aṯ	Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H3045 know
whether they would keep	הֲיִשְׁמְעוּ֙	hă·yiš·mə·‘ū	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural	H8085 hear
the commandments	מִצְוֺ֣ת	miṣ·wōṯ	Noun - feminine plural construct	H4687 commandment
of the LORD	יְהוָ֔ה	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
which	אֲשֶׁר־	’ă·šer-	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
He had given	צִוָּ֥ה	ṣiw·wāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6680 lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order
their fathers	אֲבוֹתָ֖ם	’ă·ḇō·w·ṯām	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine plural	H1 father
through	בְּיַד־	bə·yaḏ-	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct	H3027 hand
Moses	מֹשֶֽׁה׃	mō·šeh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H4872 Moses