Lamentations

Lamentations 1:5–8

⁵Her foes have become her masters;

her enemies are at ease.

For the LORD has brought her grief

because of her many transgressions.

Her children have gone away

as captives before the enemy.

⁶All the splendor has departed

from the Daughter of Zion.

Her princes are like deer

that find no pasture;

they lack the strength to flee

in the face of the hunter.

⁷In the days of her affliction and wandering

Jerusalem remembers all the treasures

that were hers in days of old.

When her people fell into enemy hands

she received no help.

Her enemies looked upon her,

laughing at her downfall.

⁸Jerusalem has sinned greatly;

therefore she has become an object of scorn.

All who honored her now despise her,

for they have seen her nakedness;^b

she herself groans and turns away.

Footnotes

b 1:8 Or her shame

Read all of Lamentations 1

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Lamentations 1:5

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Her foes	צָרֶ֤יהָ	ṣā·re·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H6862 narrow, tight
have become	הָי֨וּ	hā·yū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
her masters	לְרֹאשׁ֙	lə·rōš	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular	H7218 head
her enemies	אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ	’ō·yə·ḇe·hā	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H341 be hostile to
are at ease	שָׁל֔וּ	šā·lū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H7951 be quiet, at ease
For	כִּֽי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
the LORD	יְהוָ֥ה	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
has brought her grief	הוֹגָ֖הּ	hō·w·ḡāh	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular	H3013 suffer
because of	עַ֣ל	‘al	Preposition	H5921 height
her many	רֹב־	rōḇ-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H7230 multitude, abundance, greatness
transgressions	פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ	pə·šā·‘e·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H6588 transgression
Her children	עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ	‘ō·w·lā·le·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H5768 child
have gone away	הָלְכ֥וּ	hā·lə·ḵū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H1980 go, come, walk
as captives	שְׁבִ֖י	šə·ḇî	Noun - masculine singular	H7628 captivity, captives
before	לִפְנֵי־	lip̄·nê-	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural construct	H6440 face, before
the enemy	צָֽר׃ס	ṣār	Noun - masculine singular	H6862 narrow, tight

Lamentations 1:6

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
All	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
the splendor	הֲדָרָ֑הּ	hă·ḏā·rāh	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H1926 ornament, splendour, honour
has departed	וַיֵּצֵ֥א	way·yê·ṣê	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H3318 go or come out
from	מִן־	min-	Preposition	H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
the Daughter	בַּת	baṯ	Noun - feminine singular construct	H1323 daughter
of Zion	צִיּ֖וֹן	ṣî·yō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H6726 Zion
Her princes	שָׂרֶ֗יהָ	śā·re·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
are	הָי֣וּ	hā·yū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
like deer	כְּאַיָּלִים֙	kə·’ay·yā·lîm	Preposition-k; Noun - masculine plural	H354 hart, stag, deer
that find	מָצְא֣וּ	mā·ṣə·’ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H4672 attain to, find
no	לֹא־	lō-	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
pasture	מִרְעֶ֔ה	mir·‘eh	Noun - masculine singular	H4829 pasturage, pasture
they lack	בְלֹא־	ḇə·lō-	Preposition-b; Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
the strength	כֹ֖חַ	ḵō·aḥ	Noun - masculine singular	H3581 strength, power
to flee	וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ	way·yê·lə·ḵū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1980 go, come, walk
in the face of	לִפְנֵ֥י	lip̄·nê	Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct	H6440 face, before
the hunter	רוֹדֵֽף׃ס	rō·w·ḏêp̄	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H7291 pursue, chase, persecute

Lamentations 1:7

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
In the days	יְמֵ֤י	yə·mê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H3117 day
of her affliction	עָנְיָהּ֙	‘ā·nə·yāh	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H6040 affliction, poverty
and wandering	וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ	ū·mə·rū·ḏe·hā	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H4788 restlessness, straying (?)
Jerusalem	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם	yə·rū·šā·lim	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3389 Jerusalem
remembers	זָֽכְרָ֣ה	zā·ḵə·rāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H2142 remember
all	כֹּ֚ל	kōl	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
the treasures	מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ	ma·ḥă·mu·ḏe·hā	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H4262 desirable, precious thing
that	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
were hers	הָי֖וּ	hā·yū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
in days	מִ֣ימֵי	mî·mê	Preposition-m; Noun - masculine plural construct	H3117 day
of old	קֶ֑דֶם	qe·ḏem	Noun - masculine singular	H6924 front, east, aforetime
When her people	עַמָּ֣הּ	‘am·māh	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H5971 people
fell	בִּנְפֹ֧ל	bin·p̄ōl	Preposition-b; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H5307 fall, lie
into enemy	צָ֗ר	ṣār	Noun - masculine singular	H6862 narrow, tight
hands	בְּיַד־	bə·yaḏ-	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct	H3027 hand
she received no	וְאֵ֤ין	wə·’ên	Conjunctive waw; Adverb	H369 nothing, nought
help	עוֹזֵר֙	‘ō·w·zêr	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H5826 help, succour
Her enemies	צָרִ֔ים	ṣā·rîm	Noun - masculine plural	H6862 narrow, tight
looked upon her	רָא֣וּהָ	rā·’ū·hā	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural; third person feminine singular	H7200 see
laughing	שָׂחֲק֖וּ	śā·ḥă·qū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H7832 laugh
at	עַ֥ל	‘al	Preposition	H5921 height
her downfall	מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ס	miš·bat·te·hā	Noun - feminine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H4868 cessation, annihilation

Lamentations 1:8

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Jerusalem	יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם	yə·rū·šā·lim	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3389 Jerusalem
has sinned greatly	חֵ֤טְא	ḥêṭ	Noun - masculine singular	H2399 sin
therefore	עַל־	‘al-	Preposition	H5921 height
she has become	הָיָ֑תָה	hā·yā·ṯāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
an object of scorn	לְנִידָ֣ה	lə·nî·ḏāh	Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular	H5206 id.
All	כָּֽל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
who honored her	מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ	mə·ḵab·bə·ḏe·hā	Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular	H3513 be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured
now despise her	הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙	hiz·zî·lū·hā	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural; third person feminine singular	H2107 lavish
for	כִּי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
they have seen	רָא֣וּ	rā·’ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H7200 see
her nakedness	עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ	‘er·wā·ṯāh	Noun - feminine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H6172 nakedness, pudenda
she herself	הִ֥יא	hî	Pronoun - third person feminine singular	H1931 he, she
groans	נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה	ne·’en·ḥāh	Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H584 sigh, groan
and turns	וַתָּ֥שָׁב	wat·tā·šāḇ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular	H7725 turn back, return
away	אָחֽוֹר׃ס	’ā·ḥō·wr	Noun - masculine singular	H268 the hinder side, back part