1 Samuel

1 Samuel 22:1–5

¹So David left Gath and took refuge in the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and the rest of his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. ²And all who were distressed or indebted or discontented rallied around him, and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.

³From there David went to Mizpeh of Moab, where he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and mother stay^a with you until I learn what God will do for me.” ⁴So he left them in the care of the king of Moab, and they stayed with him the whole time David was in the stronghold.

⁵Then the prophet Gad said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold. Depart and go into the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.

Footnotes

a 22:3 Syriac and Vulgate; Hebrew go forth

Read all of 1 Samuel 22

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

1 Samuel 22:1

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So David	דָּוִד֙	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
left	וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ	way·yê·leḵ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
and took refuge	וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט	way·yim·mā·lêṭ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H4422 slip away
in	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the cave	מְעָרַ֣ת	mə·‘ā·raṯ	Noun - feminine singular construct	H4631 cave
of Adullam	עֲדֻלָּ֑ם	‘ă·ḏul·lām	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5725 Adullam
When his brothers	אֶחָיו֙	’e·ḥāw	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singular	H251 brother
and the rest of	וְכָל־	wə·ḵāl	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
his father’s	אָבִ֔יו	’ā·ḇîw	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H1 father
household	בֵּ֣ית	bêṯ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H1004 house
heard about it	וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ	way·yiš·mə·‘ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H8085 hear
they went down	וַיֵּרְד֥וּ	way·yê·rə·ḏū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3381 come or go down, descend
to him	אֵלָ֖יו	’ê·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H413 motion to
there	שָֽׁמָּה׃	šām·māh	Adverb; third person feminine singular	H8033 there, thither

1 Samuel 22:2

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And all	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
who were distressed	מָצ֜וֹק	mā·ṣō·wq	Noun - masculine singular	H4689 straitness, straits, stress
indebted	נֹשֶׁא֙	nō·še	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H5378 lend on interest, or usury, be a creditor
or discontented	מַר־	mar-	Adjective - masculine singular construct	H4751 bitter, bitterness
rallied	וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ	way·yiṯ·qab·bə·ṣū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H6908 gather, collect
around him	אֵ֠לָיו	’ê·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H413 motion to
and he became	וַיְהִ֥י	way·hî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
their	עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם	‘ă·lê·hem	Preposition; third person masculine plural	H5921 height
leader	לְשָׂ֑ר	lə·śār	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular	H8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
About four	כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע	kə·’ar·ba‘	Preposition-k; Number - feminine singular	H702 four
hundred	מֵא֖וֹת	mê·’ō·wṯ	Number - feminine plural	H3967 hundred
men	אִֽישׁ׃	’îš	Noun - masculine singular	H376 man
were	וַיִּהְי֣וּ	way·yih·yū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
with him	עִמּ֔וֹ	‘im·mōw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H5973 with

1 Samuel 22:3

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
From there	מִשָּׁ֖ם	miš·šām	Preposition-m; Adverb	H8033 there, thither
David	דָּוִ֛ד	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
went	וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ	way·yê·leḵ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
to Mizpeh	מִצְפֵּ֣ה	miṣ·pêh	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H4708 Mitspeh
of Moab	מוֹאָ֑ב	mō·w·’āḇ	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H4124 Moab
where he said	וַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the king	מֶ֣לֶךְ	me·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Moab	מוֹאָ֗ב	mō·w·’āḇ	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H4124 Moab
Please	נָ֞א	nā	Interjection	H4994 I (we) pray, now
let my father	אָבִ֤י	’ā·ḇî	Noun - masculine singular construct; first person common singular	H1 father
and mother	וְאִמִּי֙	wə·’im·mî	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine singular construct; first person common singular	H517 mother
stay	יֵֽצֵא־	yê·ṣê-	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H3318 go or come out
with you	אִתְּכֶ֔ם	’it·tə·ḵem	Preposition; second person masculine plural	H854 with
until	עַ֚ד	‘aḏ	Preposition	H5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
I learn	אֵדַ֔ע	’ê·ḏa‘	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular	H3045 know
what	מַה־	mah-	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
God	אֱלֹהִֽים׃	’ĕ·lō·hîm	Noun - masculine plural	H430 God
will do	יַּֽעֲשֶׂה־	ya·‘ă·śeh-	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
for me	לִּ֖י	lî	Preposition; first person common singular

1 Samuel 22:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
So he left them	וַיַּנְחֵ֕ם	way·yan·ḥêm	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine plural	H5148 lead, guide
in	אֶת־	’eṯ-	Preposition	H854 with
the care	פְּנֵ֖י	pə·nê	Noun - common plural construct	H6440 face, before
of the king	מֶ֣לֶךְ	me·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H4428 king
of Moab	מוֹאָ֑ב	mō·w·’āḇ	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H4124 Moab
and they stayed	וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ	way·yê·šə·ḇū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
with him	עִמּ֔וֹ	‘im·mōw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H5973 with
the whole	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
time	יְמֵ֥י	yə·mê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H3117 day
David	דָּוִ֖ד	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
was	הֱיוֹת־	hĕ·yō·wṯ-	Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
in the stronghold	בַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃ס	bam·mə·ṣū·ḏāh	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singular	H4686 net, capture, fastness

1 Samuel 22:5

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then the prophet	הַנָּבִ֜יא	han·nā·ḇî	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H5030 spokesman, speaker, prophet
Gad	גָּ֨ד	gāḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1410 Gad
said	וַיֹּאמֶר֩	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
David	דָּוִ֗ד	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
Do not	לֹ֤א	lō	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
stay	תֵשֵׁב֙	ṯê·šêḇ	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
in the stronghold	בַּמְּצוּדָ֔ה	bam·mə·ṣū·ḏāh	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singular	H4686 net, capture, fastness
Depart	לֵ֥ךְ	lêḵ	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
and go	וּבָֽאתָ־	ū·ḇā·ṯā-	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular	H935 come in, come, go in, go
into	לְּךָ֖	lə·ḵā	Preposition; second person masculine singular
the land	אֶ֣רֶץ	’e·reṣ	Noun - feminine singular construct	H776 earth, land
of Judah	יְהוּדָ֑ה	yə·hū·ḏāh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3063 Judah
So David	דָּוִ֔ד	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
left	וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ	way·yê·leḵ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1980 go, come, walk
and went	וַיָּבֹ֖א	way·yā·ḇō	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H935 come in, come, go in, go
to the forest	יַ֥עַר	ya·‘ar	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3293 wood, forest, thicket
of Hereth	חָֽרֶת׃ס	ḥā·reṯ	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H2802 Chereth

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

1 Samuel 22:1 Psalm 57:1–11 · Psalm 142:1–7 · Psalm 34:1 · 1 Chronicles 11:15 · Hebrews 11:38 · Joshua 12:15

1 Samuel 22:2 Matthew 11:28 · Psalm 72:12–14 · 1 Samuel 30:22–24 · 1 Samuel 25:13 · 1 Samuel 1:10 · 1 Samuel 30:6 · 1 Samuel 25:15–16 · 1 Samuel 23:13 · Matthew 18:25–34 · Judges 11:3 · 1 Samuel 9:16

1 Samuel 22:4 Psalm 11:1

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.