Esther

Esther 8:10–14

10Mordecai wrote in the name of King Xerxes and sealed it with the royal signet ring. He sent the documents by mounted couriers riding on swift horses bred from the royal mares.

11By these letters the king permitted the Jews in each and every city the right to assemble and defend themselves, to destroy, kill, and annihilate all the forces of any people or province hostile to them, including women and children, and to plunder their possessions. 12The single day appointed throughout all the provinces of King Xerxes was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar.c

13A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies. 14The couriers rode out in haste on their royal horses, pressed on by the command of the king. And the edict was also issued in the citadel of Susa.

Footnotes

  • c 8:12 Adar is the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunar calendar, usually occurring within the months of February and March.

Read all of Esther 8

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Esther 8:10

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Mordecai wroteוַיִּכְתֹּ֗בway·yiḵ·tōḇConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH3789 write
in the nameבְּשֵׁם֙bə·šêmPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH8034 name
of Kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
Xerxesאֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ’ă·ḥaš·wê·rōšNoun - proper - masculine singularH325 Ahasuerus
and sealed itוַיַּחְתֹּ֖םway·yaḥ·tōmConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH2856 seal, affix seal, seal up
with the royalהַמֶּ֑לֶךְham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
signet ringבְּטַבַּ֣עַתbə·ṭab·ba·‘aṯPreposition-b; Noun - feminine singular constructH2885 signet, signet-ring, ring
He sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֣חway·yiš·laḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH7971 send
the documentsסְפָרִ֡יםsə·p̄ā·rîmNoun - masculine pluralH5612 missive, document, writing, book
byבְּיַד֩bə·yaḏPreposition-b; Noun - feminine singular constructH3027 hand
mountedבַּסּוּסִ֜יםbas·sū·sîmPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine pluralH5483 swallow or swift
couriersהָרָצִ֨יםhā·rā·ṣîmArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralH7323 run
riding onרֹכְבֵ֤יrō·ḵə·ḇêVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructH7392 mount and ride, ride
swift horsesהָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙hā·re·ḵešArticle; Noun - masculine singularH7409 steeds
bredבְּנֵ֖יbə·nêNoun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
from the royalהָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔יםhā·’ă·ḥaš·tə·rā·nîmArticle; Noun - masculine pluralH327 royal
maresהָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃hā·ram·mā·ḵîmArticle; Noun - masculine pluralH7424 brood mare

Esther 8:11

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
By these lettersאֲשֶׁר֩’ă·šerPronoun - relativeH834 particle of relation
the kingהַמֶּ֜לֶךְham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
permittedנָתַ֨ןnā·ṯanVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH5414 give, put, set
the Jewsלַיְּהוּדִ֣ים׀lay·yə·hū·ḏîmPreposition-l, Article; Noun - proper - masculine pluralH3064 Jewish
in eachבְּכָל־bə·ḵālPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
and every cityעִיר־‘îr-Noun - feminine singular constructH5892 excitement
the right to assembleלְהִקָּהֵל֮lə·hiq·qā·hêlPreposition-l; Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructH6950 assemble as a קָהָל
and defendעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
themselvesנַפְשָׁם֒nap̄·šāmNoun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine pluralH5315 soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
to destroyלְהַשְׁמִיד֩lə·haš·mîḏPreposition-l; Verb - Hifil - Infinitive constructH8045 be exterminated, destroyed
killוְלַהֲרֹ֨גwə·la·hă·rōḡConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructH2026 kill, slay
and annihilateוּלְאַבֵּ֜דū·lə·’ab·bêḏConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive constructH6 perish
allכָּל־kāl-Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
the forcesחֵ֨ילḥêlNoun - masculine singular constructH2428 strength, efficiency, wealth, army
of any peopleעַ֧ם‘amNoun - masculine singularH5971 people
or provinceוּמְדִינָ֛הū·mə·ḏî·nāhConjunctive waw; Noun - feminine singularH4082 province
hostile to themהַצָּרִ֥יםhaṣ·ṣā·rîmArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralH6696 confine, bind, besiege
including womenוְנָשִׁ֑יםwə·nā·šîmConjunctive waw; Noun - feminine pluralH802 woman, wife, female
and childrenטַ֣ףṭap̄Noun - masculine singularH2945 children
and to plunderוּשְׁלָלָ֖םū·šə·lā·lāmConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine pluralH7998 prey, spoil, plunder, booty
their possessionsלָבֽוֹז׃lā·ḇō·wzPreposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructH962 spoil, plunder

Esther 8:12

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
The singleאֶחָ֔ד’e·ḥāḏNumber - masculine singularH259 one
dayבְּי֣וֹםbə·yō·wmPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singularH3117 day
throughout allבְּכָל־bə·ḵālPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
the provincesמְדִינ֖וֹתmə·ḏî·nō·wṯNoun - feminine plural constructH4082 province
of Kingהַמֶּ֣לֶךְham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
Xerxesאֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ’ă·ḥaš·wê·rō·wōšNoun - proper - masculine singularH325 Ahasuerus
the thirteenthבִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥הbiš·lō·wō·šāhPreposition-b; Number - masculine singularH7969 a three, triad
day of the twelfthשְׁנֵים־šə·nêm-Number - mdH8147 two
monthלְחֹ֥דֶשׁlə·ḥō·ḏešPreposition-l; Noun - masculine singularH2320 (newness), new moon, month
the monthחֹ֥דֶשׁḥō·ḏešNoun - masculine singular constructH2320 (newness), new moon, month
of Adarאֲדָֽר׃’ă·ḏārNoun - proper - feminine singularH143 Adar

Esther 8:13

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
A copyפַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶןpaṯ·še·ḡenNoun - masculine singular constructH6572 copy
of the textהַכְּתָ֗בhak·kə·ṯāḇArticle; Noun - masculine singularH3791 writing
of the edictדָּת֙dāṯNoun - feminine singularH1881 decree, law, usage
was to be issuedלְהִנָּ֤תֵֽןlə·hin·nā·ṯênPreposition-l; Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructH5414 give, put, set
in everyבְּכָל־bə·ḵālPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
provinceמְדִינָ֣הmə·ḏî·nāhNoun - feminine singularH4082 province
and publishedגָּל֖וּיgā·luiVerb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singularH1540 uncover, remove
to allלְכָל־lə·ḵālPreposition-l; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
the peopleהָעַמִּ֑יםhā·‘am·mîmArticle; Noun - masculine pluralH5971 people
so that the Jewsהַיְּהוּדִיִּיםhay·yə·hū·ḏī·yīmArticle; Noun - proper - masculine pluralH3064 Jewish
would beוְלִהְי֨וֹתwə·lih·yō·wṯConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructH1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
readyעֲתוּדִיםʿă·ṯū·ḏīmAdjective - masculine pluralH6259 ready, prepared
on thatהַזֶּ֔הhaz·zehArticle; Pronoun - masculine singularH2088 this, that
dayלַיּ֣וֹםlay·yō·wmPreposition-l, Article; Noun - masculine singularH3117 day
to avenge themselvesלְהִנָּקֵ֖םlə·hin·nā·qêmPreposition-l; Verb - Nifal - Infinitive constructH5358 avenge, take vengeance
on their enemiesמֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃mê·’ō·yə·ḇê·hemPreposition-m; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct; third person masculine pluralH341 be hostile to

Esther 8:14

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
The couriersהָרָצִ֞יםhā·rā·ṣîmArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine pluralH7323 run
rodeרֹכְבֵ֤יrō·ḵə·ḇêVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructH7392 mount and ride, ride
outיָֽצְא֛וּyā·ṣə·’ūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH3318 go or come out
in hasteמְבֹהָלִ֥יםmə·ḇō·hā·lîmVerb - Pual - Participle - masculine pluralH926 alarm, dismay
on their royalהָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔יםhā·’ă·ḥaš·tə·rā·nîmArticle; Noun - masculine pluralH327 royal
horsesהָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙hā·re·ḵešArticle; Noun - masculine singularH7409 steeds
pressed onוּדְחוּפִ֖יםū·ḏə·ḥū·p̄îmConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine pluralH1765 drive, hasten
by the commandבִּדְבַ֣רbiḏ·ḇarPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH1697 speech, word
of the kingהַמֶּ֑לֶךְham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
And the edictוְהַדָּ֥תwə·had·dāṯConjunctive waw, Article; Noun - feminine singularH1881 decree, law, usage
was also issuedנִתְּנָ֖הnit·tə·nāhVerb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singularH5414 give, put, set
in the citadelהַבִּירָֽה׃פhab·bî·rāhArticle; Noun - feminine singularH1002 castle, palace
of Susaבְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ןbə·šū·šanPreposition-b; Noun - proper - masculine singularH7800 Susa

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

Esther 8:10 Jeremiah 2:23 · Daniel 4:1 · Isaiah 66:20 · Ecclesiastes 8:4 · Isaiah 60:6 · Jeremiah 51:21

Esther 8:11 Psalm 37:14–15 · Esther 3:13 · Ezekiel 39:10 · Psalm 146:6–9 · Psalm 137:8 · Esther 9:2–16 · Psalm 68:3 · Isaiah 10:6

Esther 8:12 Esther 9:1 · Esther 3:13–15

Esther 8:13 Revelation 6:10 · Esther 3:14 · Psalm 149:6–9 · Psalm 37:14–15 · Psalm 68:23 · Psalm 92:10–11 · Luke 18:7 · Judges 16:28

Esther 8:14 Daniel 8:2 · Esther 3:15

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.