Joshua

Joshua 9:3–9

³But the people of Gibeon, having heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, ⁴acted deceptively and set out as envoys,^c carrying on their donkeys worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended. ⁵They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy. ⁶They went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal and said to him and the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land; please make a treaty^d with us.”

⁷But the men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you dwell near us. How can we make a treaty with you?”

⁸“We are your servants,” they said to Joshua.

Then Joshua asked them, “Who are you and where have you come from?”

⁹“Your servants have come from a very distant land,” they replied, “because of the fame of the LORD your God. For we have heard the reports about Him: all that He did in Egypt,

Footnotes

c 9:4 Or set out with provisions
d 9:6 Forms of the Hebrew berit are translated in most passages as covenant; also in verses 7, 11, 15, and 16.

Read all of Joshua 9

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Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Joshua 9:3

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
But the people	וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י	wə·yō·šə·ḇê	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
of Gibeon	גִבְע֜וֹן	ḡiḇ·‘ō·wn	Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1391 Gibon
having heard	שָׁמְע֗וּ	šā·mə·‘ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H8085 hear
what	אֲשֶׁ֨ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
had done	עָשָׂ֧ה	‘ā·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
to Jericho	לִֽירִיח֖וֹ	lî·rî·ḥōw	Preposition-l; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H3405 Jericho
and Ai	וְלָעָֽי׃	wə·lā·‘āy	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H5857 Ai, Aja, Ajath

Joshua 9:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
acted deceptively	וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ	way·ya·‘ă·śū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H6213 do, make
and set out	וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ	way·yê·lə·ḵū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1980 go, come, walk
as envoys	וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ	way·yiṣ·ṭay·yā·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H6737 envoy, messenger
carrying	וַיִּקְח֞וּ	way·yiq·ḥū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3947 take
on their donkeys	לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם	la·ḥă·mō·w·rê·hem	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine plural	H2543 heap
worn-out	בָּלִים֙	bā·lîm	Adjective - masculine plural	H1087 worn out
sacks	שַׂקִּ֤ים	śaq·qîm	Noun - masculine plural	H8242 sack, sackcloth
and old	בָּלִ֔ים	bā·lîm	Adjective - masculine plural	H1087 worn out
wineskins	וְנֹאד֥וֹת	wə·nō·ḏō·wṯ	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural construct	H4997 skin-bottle, skin
cracked	וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים	ū·mə·ḇuq·qā·‘îm	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine plural	H1234 cleave, break open or through
and mended	וּמְצֹרָרִֽים׃	ū·mə·ṣō·rā·rîm	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Pual - Participle - masculine plural	H6887 bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped

Joshua 9:5

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
They put worn	בָּל֤וֹת	bā·lō·wṯ	Adjective - feminine plural	H1087 worn out
patched	וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙	ū·mə·ṭul·lā·’ō·wṯ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Pual - Participle - feminine plural	H2921 patch, spot
sandals	וּנְעָל֨וֹת	ū·nə·‘ā·lō·wṯ	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine plural	H5275 sandal, shoe
on their feet	בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם	bə·raḡ·lê·hem	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine dual construct; third person masculine plural	H7272 foot
and threadbare	בָּל֖וֹת	bā·lō·wṯ	Adjective - feminine plural	H1087 worn out
clothing	וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת	ū·śə·lā·mō·wṯ	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine plural	H8008 id.
on	עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם	‘ă·lê·hem	Preposition; third person masculine plural	H5921 height
and their whole	וְכֹל֙	wə·ḵōl	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
supply	צֵידָ֔ם	ṣê·ḏām	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine plural	H6718 hunting, game
of bread	לֶ֣חֶם	le·ḥem	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3899 bread, food
was dry	יָבֵ֖שׁ	yā·ḇêš	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H3001 be dry, dried up, withered
moldy	נִקֻּדִֽים׃	niq·qu·ḏîm	Noun - masculine plural	H5350 what is crumbled

Joshua 9:6

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
They went	וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ	way·yê·lə·ḵū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H1980 go, come, walk
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
in	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the camp	הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה	ham·ma·ḥă·neh	Article; Noun - common singular	H4264 encampment, camp
at Gilgal	הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל	hag·gil·gāl	Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H1537 Gilgal
and said	וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
to him	אֵלָ֜יו	’ê·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H413 motion to
and	וְאֶל־	wə·’el-	Conjunctive waw; Preposition	H413 motion to
the men	אִ֣ישׁ	’îš	Noun - masculine singular construct	H376 man
of Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
We have come	בָּ֔אנוּ	bā·nū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural	H935 come in, come, go in, go
from a distant	רְחוֹקָה֙	rə·ḥō·w·qāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H7350 distant, far
land	מֵאֶ֤רֶץ	mê·’e·reṣ	Preposition-m; Noun - feminine singular	H776 earth, land
please make	כִּרְתוּ־	kir·ṯū-	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural	H3772 cut off, cut down
a treaty	בְרִֽית׃	ḇə·rîṯ	Noun - feminine singular	H1285 covenant
with us	לָ֥נוּ	lā·nū	Preposition; first person common plural

Joshua 9:7

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
But the men	אִֽישׁ־	’îš-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H376 man
of Israel	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	yiś·rā·’êl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3478 Israel
said	וַיֹּאמְרוּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the Hivites	הַחִוִּ֑י	ha·ḥiw·wî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H2340 Chivvite
Perhaps	אוּלַ֗י	’ū·lay	Adverb	H194 peradventure, perhaps
you	אַתָּ֣ה	’at·tāh	Pronoun - second person masculine singular	H859 thou
dwell	יוֹשֵׁ֔ב	yō·wō·šêḇ	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
near us	בְּקִרְבִּי֙	bə·qir·bî	Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; first person common singular	H7130 inward part, midst
How	וְאֵ֖יךְ	wə·’êḵ	Conjunctive waw; Interjection	H349 How?
can we make	אֶכְרוֹת	ʾɛḵ·rōṯ	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular	H3772 cut off, cut down
a treaty with you	בְרִֽית׃	ḇə·rîṯ	Noun - feminine singular	H1285 covenant

Joshua 9:8

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
We	אֲנָ֑חְנוּ	’ă·nā·ḥə·nū	Pronoun - first person common plural	H587 we
are your servants	עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ	‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H5650 slave, servant
they said	וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
Then Joshua	יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ	yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3091 Jehoshua
asked them	וַיֹּ֨אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
Who	מִ֥י	mî	Interrogative	H4310 who?
are you	אַתֶּ֖ם	’at·tem	Pronoun - second person masculine plural	H859 thou
and where	וּמֵאַ֥יִן	ū·mê·’a·yin	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m; Adverb	H370 whence?
have you come from	תָּבֹֽאוּ׃	tā·ḇō·’ū	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine plural	H935 come in, come, go in, go

Joshua 9:9

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Your servants	עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ	‘ă·ḇā·ḏe·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H5650 slave, servant
have come	בָּ֣אוּ	bā·’ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H935 come in, come, go in, go
from a very	מְאֹד֙	mə·’ōḏ	Adverb	H3966 muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
distant	רְחוֹקָ֤ה	rə·ḥō·w·qāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H7350 distant, far
land	מֵאֶ֨רֶץ	mê·’e·reṣ	Preposition-m; Noun - feminine singular	H776 earth, land
they replied	וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
because of the fame	לְשֵׁ֖ם	lə·šêm	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct	H8034 name
of the LORD	יְהוָ֣ה	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
your God	אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ	’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H430 God
For	כִּֽי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
we have heard	שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ	šā·ma‘·nū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural	H8085 hear
the reports about Him	שָׁמְע֔וֹ	šā·mə·‘ōw	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H8089 report
all	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
that	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	’ă·šer	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
He did	עָשָׂ֖ה	‘ā·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
in Egypt	בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃	bə·miṣ·rā·yim	Preposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singular	H4714 Egypt, Egyptians