Romans

Romans 11:7–10

⁷What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened, ⁸as it is written:

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,

eyes that could not see,

and ears that could not hear,

to this very day.”^d

⁹And David says:

“May their table become a snare and a trap,

a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

¹⁰May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see,

and their backs be bent forever.”^e

Footnotes

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Greek it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
What	Τί	Ti	Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G5101 who, which, what
then	οὖν	oun	Conjunction	G3767 therefore, then
What	ὃ	ho	Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G3739 who, which, what, that
Israel	Ἰσραήλ	Israēl	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G2474 Israel
was seeking	ἐπιζητεῖ	epizētei	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G1934 I seek after, desire, search for
it failed to obtain	ἐπέτυχεν	epetychen	Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G2013 I attain, obtain, acquire
but	δὲ	de	Conjunction	G1161 but, on the other hand, and
the	ἡ	hē	Article - Nominative Feminine Singular	G3588 the
elect	ἐκλογὴ	eklogē	Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular	G1589 a choosing out, selecting, choice by God
The	οἱ	hoi	Article - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3588 the
others	λοιποὶ	loipoi	Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3062 left, left behind, the remainder
were hardened	ἐπωρώθησαν	epōrōthēsan	Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural	G4456 I harden, render callous

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
as	καθὼς	kathōs	Conjunction	G2531 just as, as
it is written	γέγραπται	gegraptai	Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular	G1125 I write
God	Θεὸς	Theos	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G2316 God, a god
gave	Ἔδωκεν	Edōken	Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G1325 I offer, give
them	αὐτοῖς	autois	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
a spirit	πνεῦμα	pneuma	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G4151 wind, breath, spirit
of stupor	κατανύξεως	katanyxeōs	Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular	G2659 deep sleep, stupor
eyes	ὀφθαλμοὺς	ophthalmous	Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural	G3788 the eye
that	τοῦ	tou	Article - Genitive Neuter Singular	G3588 the
could not see	βλέπειν	blepein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G991 I look, see
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
ears	ὦτα	ōta	Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural	G3775 the ear
that	τοῦ	tou	Article - Genitive Neuter Singular	G3588 the
could not hear	ἀκούειν	akouein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G191 I hear, listen
to	ἕως	heōs	Preposition	G2193 until, as far as
this very day	σήμερον	sēmeron	Adverb	G4594 today, now

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And	Καὶ	Kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
David	Δαυὶδ	Dauid	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G1138 David
says	λέγει	legei	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G3004 I say, speak
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
table	τράπεζα	trapeza	Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular	G5132 a table for food or business
become	Γενηθήτω	Genēthētō	Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singular	G1096 I come into being, am born
a snare	παγίδα	pagida	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G3803 a snare, trap
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
a trap	θήραν	thēran	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G2339 hunting, entrapping
a stumbling block	σκάνδαλον	skandalon	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G4625 a snare, stumbling-block
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
a retribution	ἀνταπόδομα	antapodoma	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G468 a gift in return, a return, a recompense
to them	αὐτοῖς	autois	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
eyes	ὀφθαλμοὶ	ophthalmoi	Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3788 the eye
be darkened	σκοτισθήτωσαν	skotisthētōsan	Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Plural	G4654 I darken
they cannot see	βλέπειν	blepein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G991 I look, see
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
backs	νῶτον	nōton	Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular	G3577 the back of men or animals
be bent	σύνκαμψον	synkampson	Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular	G4781 I oppress, bend together
forever	παντὸς	pantos	Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular	G3956 all, the whole, every kind of