1 Samuel

1 Samuel 18:1–4

¹After David had finished speaking with Saul, the souls of Jonathan and David were knit together, and Jonathan loved him as himself. ²And from that day Saul kept David with him and did not let him return to his father’s house.

³Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself. ⁴And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.

Read all of 1 Samuel 18

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

1 Samuel 18:1

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
After	וַיְהִ֗י	way·hî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
David had finished	כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙	kə·ḵal·lō·ṯōw	Preposition-k; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person masculine singular	H3615 be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent
speaking	לְדַבֵּ֣ר	lə·ḏab·bêr	Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct	H1696 speak
with	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
Saul	שָׁא֔וּל	šā·’ūl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H7586 Shaul
the souls	וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙	wə·ne·p̄eš	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine singular construct	H5315 soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion
of Jonathan	יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן	yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3083 Jehonathan
and David	דָּוִ֑ד	dā·wiḏ	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
were knit together	נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה	niq·šə·rāh	Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H7194 bind, league together, conspire
and Jonathan	יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן	yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3083 Jehonathan
loved him	וַיֶּאֱהָבוֹ	way·yɛ·ʾɛ̆·hå̄·ḇō	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singular	H157 love
as himself	כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃	kə·nap̄·šōw	Preposition-k; Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H5315 soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

1 Samuel 18:2

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And from that	הַה֑וּא	ha·hū	Article; Pronoun - third person masculine singular	H1931 he, she
day	בַּיּ֣וֹם	bay·yō·wm	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular	H3117 day
Saul	שָׁא֖וּל	šā·’ūl	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H7586 Shaul
kept David with him	וַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּ	way·yiq·qā·ḥê·hū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singular	H3947 take
and did not	וְלֹ֣א	wə·lō	Conjunctive waw; Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
let him	נְתָנ֔וֹ	nə·ṯā·nōw	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singular	H5414 give, put, set
return	לָשׁ֖וּב	lā·šūḇ	Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct	H7725 turn back, return
to his father’s	אָבִֽיו׃	’ā·ḇîw	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H1 father
house	בֵּ֥ית	bêṯ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H1004 house

1 Samuel 18:3

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then Jonathan	יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן	yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3083 Jehonathan
made	וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת	way·yiḵ·rōṯ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H3772 cut off, cut down
a covenant	בְּרִ֑ית	bə·rîṯ	Noun - feminine singular	H1285 covenant
with David	וְדָוִ֖ד	wə·ḏā·wiḏ	Conjunctive waw; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
because he loved	בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ	bə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōw	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H160 love
him	אֹת֖וֹ	’ō·ṯōw	Direct object marker; third person masculine singular	H853 mark of the accusative
as himself	כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃	kə·nap̄·šōw	Preposition-k; Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H5315 soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

1 Samuel 18:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And Jonathan	יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן	yə·hō·w·nā·ṯān	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3083 Jehonathan
removed	וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט	way·yiṯ·paš·šêṭ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hitpael - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H6584 strip off, make a dash, raid
the robe	הַמְּעִיל֙	ham·mə·‘îl	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H4598 robe
he was wearing	עָלָ֔יו	‘ā·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H5921 height
and gave	וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ	way·yit·tə·nê·hū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine singular	H5414 give, put, set
it to David	לְדָוִ֑ד	lə·ḏā·wiḏ	Preposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H1732 David
along with his tunic	וּמַדָּ֕יו	ū·mad·dāw	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singular	H4055 measure
his sword	חַרְבּ֥וֹ	ḥar·bōw	Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H2719 sword
his bow	קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ	qaš·tōw	Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H7198 bow
and his belt	חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃	ḥă·ḡō·rōw	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H2290 belt, gridle