Proverbs

Proverbs 31:19–24

¹⁹She stretches out her hands to the distaff

and grasps the spindle with her fingers.

²⁰She opens her arms to the poor

and reaches out her hands to the needy.

²¹When it snows, she has no fear for her household,

for they are all clothed in scarlet.^d

²²She makes coverings for her bed;

her clothing is fine linen and purple.

²³Her husband is known at the city gates,

where he sits among the elders of the land.

²⁴She makes linen garments and sells them;

she delivers sashes to the merchants.

Footnotes

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
She stretches	שִׁלְּחָ֣ה	šil·lə·ḥāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H7971 send
out her hands	יָ֭דֶיהָ	yā·ḏe·hā	Noun - feminine dual construct; third person feminine singular	H3027 hand
to the distaff	בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר	ḇak·kî·šō·wr	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular	H3601 distaff
and grasps	תָּ֣מְכוּ	tā·mə·ḵū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H8551 grasp, support, attain
the spindle	פָֽלֶךְ׃	p̄ā·leḵ	Noun - masculine singular	H6418 whirl of spindle.
with her fingers	וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ	wə·ḵap·pe·hā	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine dual construct; third person feminine singular	H3709 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
She opens	פָּרְשָׂ֣ה	pā·rə·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H6566 spread out, spread
her arms	כַּ֭פָּהּ	kap·pāh	Noun - feminine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H3709 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan
to the poor	לֶעָנִ֑י	le·‘ā·nî	Preposition-l, Article; Adjective - masculine singular	H6041 poor, afflicted, humble, meek
and reaches out	שִׁלְּחָ֥ה	šil·lə·ḥāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H7971 send
her hands	וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ	wə·yā·ḏe·hā	Conjunctive waw; Noun - feminine dual construct; third person feminine singular	H3027 hand
to the needy	לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן׃	lā·’eḇ·yō·wn	Preposition-l, Article; Adjective - masculine singular	H34 in want, needy, poor

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
When it snows	מִשָּׁ֑לֶג	miš·šā·leḡ	Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular	H7950 snow
she has no	לֹא־	lō-	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
fear	תִירָ֣א	ṯî·rā	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular	H3372 fear
for her household	לְבֵיתָ֣הּ	lə·ḇê·ṯāh	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H1004 house
for	כִּ֥י	kî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
all	כָל־	ḵāl	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
clothed	לָבֻ֥שׁ	lā·ḇuš	Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular	H3847 put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed
in scarlet	שָׁנִֽים׃	šā·nîm	Noun - masculine plural	H8144 scarlet

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
She makes	עָֽשְׂתָה־	‘ā·śə·ṯāh-	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H6213 do, make
coverings for her bed	מַרְבַדִּ֥ים	mar·ḇad·dîm	Noun - masculine plural	H4765 spread, coverlet
her clothing	לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃	lə·ḇū·šāh	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H3830 garment, clothing, raiment
is fine linen	שֵׁ֖שׁ	šêš	Noun - masculine singular	H8336 id.
and purple	וְאַרְגָּמָ֣ן	wə·’ar·gā·mān	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular	H713 purple, red-purple, i.e. purple thread & cloth

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Her husband	בַּעְלָ֑הּ	ba‘·lāh	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular	H1167 owner, lord
is known	נוֹדָ֣ע	nō·w·ḏā‘	Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular	H3045 know
at the city gates	בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים	baš·šə·‘ā·rîm	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine plural	H8179 gate
where he sits	בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ	bə·šiḇ·tōw	Preposition-b; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct; third person masculine singular	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
among	עִם־	‘im-	Preposition	H5973 with
the elders	זִקְנֵי־	ziq·nê-	Adjective - masculine plural construct	H2205 old
of the land	אָֽרֶץ׃	’ā·reṣ	Noun - feminine singular	H776 earth, land

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
She makes	עָ֭שְׂתָה	‘ā·śə·ṯāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H6213 do, make
linen garments	סָדִ֣ין	sā·ḏîn	Noun - masculine singular	H5466 linen wrapper
and sells	וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר	wat·tim·kōr	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular	H4376 sell
she delivers	נָתְנָ֥ה	nā·ṯə·nāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H5414 give, put, set
sashes	וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר	wa·ḥă·ḡō·wr	Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular	H2290 belt, gridle
to the merchants	לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃	lak·kə·na·‘ă·nî	Preposition-l, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3669 trader, merchant