Psalms

Psalm 44:17–20

¹⁷All this has come upon us,

though we have not forgotten You

or betrayed Your covenant.

¹⁸Our hearts have not turned back;

our steps have not strayed from Your path.

¹⁹But You have crushed us in the lair of jackals;^d

You have covered us with deepest darkness.

²⁰If we had forgotten the name of our God

or spread out our hands to a foreign god,

Footnotes

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
All	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
this	זֹ֣את	zōṯ	Pronoun - feminine singular	H2063 this
has come upon us	בָּ֭אַתְנוּ	bā·’aṯ·nū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular; first person common plural	H935 come in, come, go in, go
though we have not	וְלֹ֣א	wə·lō	Conjunctive waw; Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
forgotten You	שְׁכַחֲנ֑וּךָ	šə·ḵa·ḥă·nū·ḵā	Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural; second person masculine singular	H7911 forget
or betrayed	שִׁ֝קַּ֗רְנוּ	šiq·qar·nû	Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common plural	H8266 do or deal falsely
Your covenant	בִּבְרִיתֶֽךָ׃	biḇ·rî·ṯe·ḵā	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singular	H1285 covenant

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Our hearts	לִבֵּ֑נוּ	lib·bê·nū	Noun - masculine singular construct; first person common plural	H3820 inner man, mind, will, heart
have not	לֹא־	lō-	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
turned back	נָס֣וֹג	nā·sō·wḡ	Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H5472 move away, backslide
our steps	אֲשֻׁרֵ֗ינוּ	’ă·šu·rê·nū	Noun - feminine plural construct; first person common plural	H838 step, going
have not strayed	וַתֵּ֥ט	wat·têṭ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular	H5186 stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend
from	מִנִּ֥י	min·nî	Preposition	H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
Your path	אָרְחֶֽךָ׃	’ā·rə·ḥe·ḵā	Noun - common singular construct; second person masculine singular	H734 way, path

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
But	כִּ֣י	kî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
You have crushed us	דִ֭כִּיתָנוּ	ḏik·kî·ṯā·nū	Verb - Piel - Perfect - second person masculine singular; first person common plural	H1794 id.
in the lair	בִּמְק֣וֹם	bim·qō·wm	Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct	H4725 standing, spot, condition
of jackals	תַּנִּ֑ים	tan·nîm	Noun - common plural	H8577 serpent, dragon, sea-monster
You have covered us	וַתְּכַ֖ס	wat·tə·ḵas	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - second person masculine singular	H3680 cover
with deepest darkness	בְצַלְמָֽוֶת׃	ḇə·ṣal·mā·weṯ	Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular	H6757 death-shadow, deep shadow

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
If	אִם־	’i·mō·šā-	Conjunction	H518 if
we had forgotten	שָׁ֭כַחְנוּ	šā·k̲aḥ·nû	Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common plural	H7911 forget
the name	שֵׁ֣ם	šêm	Noun - masculine singular construct	H8034 name
of our God	אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ	’ĕ·lō·hê·nū	Noun - masculine plural construct; first person common plural	H430 God
or spread out	וַנִּפְרֹ֥שׂ	wan·nip̄·rōś	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - first person common plural	H6566 spread out, spread
our hands	כַּ֝פֵּ֗ינוּ	kap·pê·nū	Noun - feminine dual construct; first person common plural	H3709 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan
to a foreign	זָֽר׃	zār	Adjective - masculine singular	H2114 be a stranger
god	לְאֵ֣ל	lə·’êl	Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular	H410 god