2 Samuel

2 Samuel 10:1–6

1Some time later, the king of the Ammonites died and was succeeded by his son Hanun. 2And David said, “I will show kindness to Hanun son of Nahash, just as his father showed kindness to me.”

So David sent some of his servants to console Hanun concerning his father. But when they arrived in the land of the Ammonites, 3the princes of the Ammonites said to Hanun their lord, “Just because David has sent you comforters, do you really believe he is showing respect for your father? Has not David instead sent his servants to explore the city, spy it out, and overthrow it?”

4So Hanun took David’s servants, shaved off half of each man’s beard, cut off their garments at the hips, and sent them away.

5When this was reported to David, he sent messengers to meet the men, since they had been thoroughly humiliated. The king told them, “Stay in Jericho until your beards have grown back, and then return.”

6When the Ammonites realized that they had become a stench to David, they hired twenty thousand Aramean foot soldiers from Beth-rehob and Zoba, as well as a thousand men from the king of Maacah and twelve thousand men from Tob.

Read all of 2 Samuel 10

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

2 Samuel 10:1

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Some time laterאַֽחֲרֵי־’a·ḥă·rê-PrepositionH310 behind
the kingמֶ֖לֶךְme·leḵNoun - masculine singular constructH4428 king
of the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֣יbə·nêNoun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
diedוַיָּ֕מָתway·yā·māṯConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH4191 die
and was succeeded byוַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְway·yim·lōḵConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH4427 be or become king, or queen, reign
his sonבְּנ֖וֹbə·nōwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH1121 son
Hanunחָנ֥וּןḥā·nūnNoun - proper - masculine singularH2586 Chanun

2 Samuel 10:2

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
And Davidדָּוִ֜דdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
saidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·merConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH559 utter, say
I will showאֶעֱשֶׂה־’e·‘ĕ·śeh-Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singularH6213 do, make
kindnessחֶ֣סֶד׀ḥe·seḏNoun - masculine singularH2617 goodness, kindness
toעִם־‘im-PrepositionH5973 with
Hanunחָנ֣וּןḥā·nūnNoun - proper - masculine singularH2586 Chanun
sonבֶּן־ben-Noun - masculine singular constructH1121 son
of Nahashנָחָ֗שׁnā·ḥāšNoun - proper - masculine singularH5176 Nachash
just asכַּאֲשֶׁר֩ka·’ă·šerPreposition-k; Pronoun - relativeH834 particle of relation
his fatherאָבִ֤יו’ā·ḇîwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH1 father
showedעָשָׂ֨ה‘ā·śāhVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH6213 do, make
kindnessחֶ֔סֶדḥe·seḏNoun - masculine singularH2617 goodness, kindness
to meעִמָּדִי֙‘im·mā·ḏîPreposition; first person common singularH5978 along with
So Davidדָּוִ֧דdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
sentוַיִּשְׁלַ֨חway·yiš·laḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH7971 send
some of his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו‘ă·ḇā·ḏāwNoun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singularH5650 slave, servant
to consoleלְנַחֲמ֛וֹlə·na·ḥă·mōwPreposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person masculine singularH5162 be sorry, console
concerningאֶל־’el-PrepositionH413 motion to
his fatherאָבִ֑יו’ā·ḇîwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH1 father
But when theyעַבְדֵ֣י‘aḇ·ḏêNoun - masculine plural constructH5650 slave, servant
arrivedוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙way·yā·ḇō·’ūConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH935 come in, come, go in, go
in the landאֶ֖רֶץ’e·reṣNoun - feminine singular constructH776 earth, land
of the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֥יbə·nêNoun - masculine plural constructH1121 son

2 Samuel 10:3

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
the princesשָׂרֵ֨יśā·rêNoun - masculine plural constructH8269 chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
of the Ammonitesבְנֵֽי־ḇə·nê-Noun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
saidוַיֹּאמְרוּ֩way·yō·mə·rūConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH559 utter, say
toאֶל־’el-PrepositionH413 motion to
Hanunחָנ֣וּןḥā·nūnNoun - proper - masculine singularH2586 Chanun
their lordאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם’ă·ḏō·nê·hemNoun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine pluralH113 lord
Just becauseכִּֽי־kî-ConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
David has sentשָׁלַ֥חšā·laḥVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH7971 send
youלְךָ֖lə·ḵāPreposition; second person masculine singular
comfortersמְנַֽחֲמִ֑יםmə·na·ḥă·mîmVerb - Piel - Participle - masculine pluralH5162 be sorry, console
do you really believeבְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbə·‘ê·ne·ḵāPreposition-b; Noun - cdc; second person masculine singularH5869 eye
he isדָּוִ֤דdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
showing respectהַֽמְכַבֵּ֨דham·ḵab·bêḏVerb - Piel - Participle - masculine singularH3513 be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured
for your fatherאָבִ֙יךָ֙’ā·ḇî·ḵāNoun - masculine singular construct; second person masculine singularH1 father
Has notהֲ֠לוֹאhă·lō·wAdverb - Negative particleH3808 not
Davidדָּוִ֛דdā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
sentשָׁלַ֥חšā·laḥVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularH7971 send
his servantsעֲבָדָ֖יו‘ă·ḇā·ḏāwNoun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singularH5650 slave, servant
to exploreחֲק֤וֹרḥă·qō·wrVerb - Qal - Infinitive constructH2713 search
the cityהָעִיר֙hā·‘îrArticle; Noun - feminine singularH5892 excitement
spy it outוּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּū·lə·rag·gə·lāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person feminine singularH7270 foot it, go about
and overthrow itוּלְהָפְכָ֔הּū·lə·hā·p̄ə·ḵāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct; third person feminine singularH2015 turn, overturn

2 Samuel 10:4

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
So Hanunחָנ֜וּןḥā·nūnNoun - proper - masculine singularH2586 Chanun
tookוַיִּקַּ֨חway·yiq·qaḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH3947 take
David’sדָוִ֗דḏā·wiḏNoun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
servantsעַבְדֵ֣י‘aḇ·ḏêNoun - masculine plural constructH5650 slave, servant
shaved offוַיְגַלַּח֙way·ḡal·laḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH1548 be bald
halfחֲצִ֣יḥă·ṣîNoun - masculine singular constructH2677 half
of each man’s beardזְקָנָ֔םzə·qā·nāmNoun - common singular construct; third person masculine pluralH2206 chin, beard
cut offוַיִּכְרֹ֧תway·yiḵ·rōṯConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH3772 cut off, cut down
their garmentsמַדְוֵיהֶ֛םmaḏ·wê·hemNoun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine pluralH4063 garment
atעַ֣ד‘aḏPrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the hipsשְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑םšə·ṯō·w·ṯê·hemNoun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine pluralH8357 seat
and sent them awayוַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃way·šal·lə·ḥêmConjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person masculine pluralH7971 send

2 Samuel 10:5

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
When this was reportedוַיַּגִּ֤דוּway·yag·gi·ḏūConjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH5046 be conspicuous
to Davidלְדָוִד֙lə·ḏā·wiḏPreposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
he sent messengersוַיִּשְׁלַ֣חway·yiš·laḥConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH7971 send
to meetלִקְרָאתָ֔םliq·rā·ṯāmPreposition-l; Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct; third person masculine pluralH7122 encounter, befall
sinceכִּֽי־kî-ConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
they had beenהָי֥וּhā·yūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
thoroughlyמְאֹ֑דmə·’ōḏAdverbH3966 muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly
humiliatedנִכְלָמִ֣יםniḵ·lā·mîmVerb - Nifal - Participle - masculine pluralH3637 be humiliated
The kingהַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ham·me·leḵArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4428 king
told themוַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·merConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularH559 utter, say
Stayשְׁב֣וּšə·ḇūVerb - Qal - Imperative - masculine pluralH3427 sit, remain, dwell
in Jerichoבִֽירֵח֔וֹḇî·rê·ḥōwPreposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singularH3405 Jericho
untilעַד־‘aḏ-PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
your beardsזְקַנְכֶ֖םzə·qan·ḵemNoun - common singular construct; second person masculine pluralH2206 chin, beard
have grown backיְצַמַּ֥חyə·ṣam·maḥVerb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singularH6779 sprout, spring up
andוְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃wə·šaḇ·temConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine pluralH7725 turn back, return

2 Samuel 10:6

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
When the Ammonitesבְּנֵ֣יbə·nêNoun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
realized thatוַיִּרְאוּ֙way·yir·’ūConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH7200 see
they had become a stenchנִבְאֲשׁ֖וּniḇ·’ă·šūVerb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common pluralH887 be evil, bad
to Davidבְּדָוִ֑דbə·ḏā·wiḏPreposition-b; Noun - proper - masculine singularH1732 David
theyבְנֵֽי־ḇə·nê-Noun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
hiredוַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩way·yiś·kə·rūConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH7936 hire
twentyעֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîmNumber - masculine singularH6242 (a) twenty
thousandאֶ֙לֶף֙’e·lep̄Adjective - masculine singularH505 thousand
Arameanאֲרַ֨ם’ă·ramNoun - proper - feminine singularH758 Aram
foot soldiersרַגְלִ֔יraḡ·lîConjunctive waw; Direct object markerH7273 on foot
from Beth-rehobרְח֜וֹבrə·ḥō·wḇNoun - proper - feminine singularH1050 Beth-Rechob
andוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-Conjunctive waw; Direct object markerH853 mark of the accusative
Zobaצוֹבָ֗אṣō·w·ḇāNumber - common pluralH6678 Zoba, Zobah
as well asוְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-Noun - masculine singular constructH853 mark of the accusative
a thousandאֶ֣לֶף’e·lep̄Noun - masculine singularH505 thousand
menאִ֔ישׁ’îšConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH376 man
from the kingמֶ֤לֶךְme·leḵNoun - proper - feminine singularH4428 king
of Maacahמַֽעֲכָה֙ma·‘ă·ḵāhNumber - masculine singular constructH4601 Maakah
and twelveשְׁנֵים־šə·nêm-Number - mdH8147 two
thousandאִֽישׁ׃’îšNoun - masculine singularH376 man
menוְאִ֣ישׁwə·’îšNoun - masculine pluralH376 man
from Tobט֔וֹבṭō·wḇNoun - proper - masculine singularH2897 Tob

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

2 Samuel 10:1 1 Samuel 11:1–3

2 Samuel 10:2 1 Samuel 11:1 · Deuteronomy 23:3–6 · Nehemiah 13:1–3 · Nehemiah 4:3–7 · 1 Samuel 22:3–4

2 Samuel 10:3 Genesis 42:16 · Genesis 42:9

2 Samuel 10:4 Isaiah 20:4 · Jeremiah 41:5 · 1 Chronicles 19:3–4

2 Samuel 10:5 1 Chronicles 19:5

2 Samuel 10:6 2 Samuel 8:5 · 2 Samuel 8:3 · Genesis 34:30 · 1 Samuel 27:12 · Judges 11:5 · Judges 11:3 · Judges 18:28

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.