Ezekiel
Ezekiel 31:3–10
3Look at Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon,
with beautiful branches that shaded the forest.
It towered on high;
its top was among the clouds.
4The waters made it grow;
the deep springs made it tall,
directing their streams all around its base
and sending their channels to all the trees of the field.
5Therefore it towered higher
than all the trees of the field.
Its branches multiplied,
and its boughs grew long
as it spread them out
because of the abundant waters.
6All the birds of the air
nested in its branches,
and all the beasts of the field
gave birth beneath its boughs;
all the great nations
lived in its shade.
7It was beautiful in its greatness,
in the length of its limbs,
for its roots extended
to abundant waters.
8The cedars in the garden of God
could not rival it;
the cypressesa could not compare with its branches,
nor the plane treesb match its boughs.
No tree in the garden of God
could compare with its beauty.
9I made it beautiful with its many branches,
the envy of all the trees of Eden,
which were in the garden of God.’
10Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Since it became greatc in height and set its top among the clouds,d and it grew proud on account of its height,
Footnotes
Word by word
Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.
Ezekiel 31:3
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Look at | הִנֵּ֨ה | hin·nêh | Interjection | H2009 lo! behold! |
| Assyria | אַשּׁ֜וּר | ’aš·šūr | Noun - proper - feminine singular | H804 Asshur, Assyria |
| a cedar | אֶ֣רֶז | ’e·rez | Noun - masculine singular | H730 cedar |
| in Lebanon | בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן | bal·lə·ḇā·nō·wn | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - proper - feminine singular | H3844 Lebanon |
| with beautiful | יְפֵ֥ה | yə·p̄êh | Adjective - masculine singular construct | H3303 fair, beautiful |
| branches | עָנָ֛ף | ‘ā·nāp̄ | Noun - masculine singular | H6057 branch(es), bough(s) |
| that shaded | מֵצַ֖ל | mê·ṣal | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular | H6751 be or grow dark |
| the forest | וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ | wə·ḥō·reš | Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular | H2793 wood, wooded height |
| It towered | וּגְבַ֣הּ | ū·ḡə·ḇah | Conjunctive waw; Adjective - masculine singular construct | H1364 high, exalted |
| on high | קוֹמָ֑ה | qō·w·māh | Noun - feminine singular | H6967 height |
| its top | צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃ | ṣam·mar·tōw | Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H6788 top |
| was | הָיְתָ֖ה | hā·yə·ṯāh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| among | וּבֵ֣ין | ū·ḇên | Conjunctive waw; Preposition | H996 interval, space between |
| the clouds | עֲבֹתִ֔ים | ‘ă·ḇō·ṯîm | Noun - common plural | H5688 (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?) |
Ezekiel 31:4
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The waters | מַ֣יִם | ma·yim | Noun - masculine plural | H4325 water, juice, urine |
| made it grow | גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ | gid·də·lū·hū | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural; third person masculine singular | H1431 grow up, become great |
| the deep springs | תְּה֖וֹם | tə·hō·wm | Noun - common singular | H8415 deep, sea, abyss |
| made it tall | רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ | rō·mə·mā·ṯə·hū | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular; third person masculine singular | H7311 be high, exalted, rise |
| directing | הֹלֵךְ֙ | hō·lêḵ | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H1980 go, come, walk |
| their streams | נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ | na·hă·rō·ṯe·hā | Noun - masculine plural construct; third person feminine singular | H5104 stream, river |
| all around | סְבִיב֣וֹת | sə·ḇî·ḇō·wṯ | Adverb | H5439 circuit, round about |
| its base | מַטָּעָ֔הּ | maṭ·ṭā·‘āh | Noun - masculine singular construct; third person feminine singular | H4302 place, or act of planting; plantation |
| and sending | שִׁלְחָ֔ה | šil·ḥāh | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H7971 send |
| their channels | תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ | tə·‘ā·lō·ṯe·hā | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person feminine singular | H8585 water-course |
| to | אֶ֖ל | ’el | Preposition | H413 motion to |
| all | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the trees | עֲצֵ֥י | ‘ă·ṣê | Noun - masculine plural construct | H6086 tree, trees, wood |
| of the field | הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ | haś·śā·ḏeh | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7704 id. |
Ezekiel 31:5
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therefore | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| it towered | גָּבְהָ֣א | gā·ḇə·hā | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular | H1361 be high, exalted |
| higher | קֹמָת֔וֹ | qō·mā·ṯōw | Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H6967 height |
| than all | מִכֹּ֖ל | mik·kōl | Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the trees | עֲצֵ֣י | ‘ă·ṣê | Noun - masculine plural construct | H6086 tree, trees, wood |
| of the field | הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה | haś·śā·ḏeh | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7704 id. |
| Its branches | סַֽרְעַפֹּתָ֜יו | sar·‘ap·pō·ṯāw | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H5634 bough |
| multiplied | וַתִּרְבֶּ֨ינָה | wat·tir·be·nāh | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine plural | H7235 be, or become, much, many, great |
| and its boughs | פֹארָתוֹ | p̄ō·rå̄·ṯō | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H6288 bough |
| grew long | וַתֶּאֱרַ֧כְנָה | wat·te·’ĕ·raḵ·nāh | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine plural | H748 be long |
| as it spread them out | בְּשַׁלְּחֽוֹ׃ | bə·šal·lə·ḥōw | Preposition-b; Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct; third person masculine singular | H7971 send |
| because of the abundant | רַבִּ֖ים | rab·bîm | Adjective - masculine plural | H7227 much, many, great |
| waters | מִמַּ֥יִם | mim·ma·yim | Preposition-m; Noun - masculine plural | H4325 water, juice, urine |
Ezekiel 31:6
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the birds | ע֣וֹף | ‘ō·wp̄ | Noun - masculine singular construct | H5775 flying creatures, fowl, insects |
| of the air | הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם | haš·šā·ma·yim | Article; Noun - masculine plural | H8064 sky, aloft |
| nested | קִֽנְנוּ֙ | qin·nū | Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural | H7077 make a nest, nest |
| in its branches | בִּסְעַפֹּתָ֤יו | bis·‘ap·pō·ṯāw | Preposition-b; Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H5589 bough, branch |
| and all | כֹּ֖ל | kōl | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the beasts | חַיַּ֣ת | ḥay·yaṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H2416 alive, living |
| of the field | הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה | haś·śā·ḏeh | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7704 id. |
| gave birth | יָֽלְד֔וּ | yā·lə·ḏū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H3205 bear, bring forth, beget |
| beneath | וְתַ֤חַת | wə·ṯa·ḥaṯ | Conjunctive waw; Preposition | H8478 the under part |
| its boughs | פֹּֽארֹתָיו֙ | pō·rō·ṯāw | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H6288 bough |
| all | כֹּ֖ל | kōl | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the great | רַבִּֽים׃ | rab·bîm | Adjective - masculine plural | H7227 much, many, great |
| nations | גּוֹיִ֥ם | gō·w·yim | Noun - masculine plural | H1471 nation, people |
| lived | יֵֽשְׁב֔וּ | yê·šə·ḇū | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural | H3427 sit, remain, dwell |
| in its shade | וּבְצִלּוֹ֙ | ū·ḇə·ṣil·lōw | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H6738 shadow |
Ezekiel 31:7
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| It was beautiful | וַיְּיִ֣ף | way·yə·yip̄ | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | H3302 be fair, beautiful |
| in its greatness | בְּגָדְל֔וֹ | bə·ḡā·ḏə·lōw | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H1433 greatness |
| in the length | בְּאֹ֖רֶךְ | bə·’ō·reḵ | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct | H753 length |
| of its limbs | דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו | dā·lî·yō·w·ṯāw | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H1808 dangling, bough |
| for | כִּֽי־ | kî- | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| its roots | שָׁרְשׁ֖וֹ | šā·rə·šōw | Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H8328 root |
| extended | הָיָ֥ה | hā·yāh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| to | אֶל־ | ’el- | Preposition | H413 motion to |
| abundant | רַבִּֽים׃ | rab·bîm | Adjective - masculine plural | H7227 much, many, great |
| waters | מַ֥יִם | ma·yim | Noun - masculine plural | H4325 water, juice, urine |
Ezekiel 31:8
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The cedars | אֲרָזִ֣ים | ’ă·rā·zîm | Noun - masculine plural | H730 cedar |
| in the garden | בְּגַן־ | bə·ḡan- | Preposition-b; Noun - common singular construct | H1588 enclosure, garden |
| of God | אֱלֹהִים֒ | ’ĕ·lō·hîm | Noun - masculine plural | H430 God |
| could not | לֹֽא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| rival it | עֲמָמֻהוּ֮ | ‘ă·mā·mu·hū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural; third person masculine singular | H6004 darken, dim |
| the cypresses | בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים | bə·rō·wō·šîm | Noun - masculine plural | H1265 cypress or fir |
| could not | לֹ֤א | lō | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| compare | דָמוּ֙ | ḏā·mū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H1819 be like, resemble |
| with | אֶל־ | ’el- | Preposition | H413 motion to |
| its branches | סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו | sə·‘ap·pō·ṯāw | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H5589 bough, branch |
| nor | לֹֽא־ | lō- | Adverb - Negative particle | H3808 not |
| the plane trees | וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים | wə·‘ar·mō·nîm | Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural | H6196 plane-tree |
| match | הָי֖וּ | hā·yū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| its boughs | כְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יו | kə·p̄ō·rō·ṯāw | Preposition-k; Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H6288 bough |
| No | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| tree | עֵץ֙ | ‘êṣ | Noun - masculine singular | H6086 tree, trees, wood |
| in the garden | בְּגַן־ | bə·ḡan- | Preposition-b; Noun - common singular construct | H1588 enclosure, garden |
| of God | אֱלֹהִ֔ים | ’ĕ·lō·hîm | Noun - masculine plural | H430 God |
| could compare | דָמָ֥ה | ḏā·māh | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | H1819 be like, resemble |
| with | אֵלָ֖יו | ’ê·lāw | Preposition; third person masculine singular | H413 motion to |
| its beauty | בְּיָפְיֽוֹ׃ | bə·yā·p̄ə·yōw | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H3308 beauty |
Ezekiel 31:9
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I made | עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו | ‘ă·śî·ṯîw | Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular; third person masculine singular | H6213 do, make |
| it beautiful | יָפֶ֣ה | yā·p̄eh | Adjective - masculine singular | H3303 fair, beautiful |
| with its many | בְּרֹ֖ב | bə·rōḇ | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct | H7230 multitude, abundance, greatness |
| branches | דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו | dā·lî·yō·w·ṯāw | Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine singular | H1808 dangling, bough |
| the envy | וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ | way·qan·’u·hū | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural; third person masculine singular | H7065 be jealous, zealous |
| of all | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| the trees | עֲצֵי־ | ‘ă·ṣê- | Noun - masculine plural construct | H6086 tree, trees, wood |
| of Eden | עֵ֔דֶן | ‘ê·ḏen | Noun - proper - feminine singular | H5731 Eden |
| which | אֲשֶׁ֖ר | ’ă·šer | Pronoun - relative | H834 particle of relation |
| were in the garden | בְּגַ֥ן | bə·ḡan | Preposition-b; Noun - common singular construct | H1588 enclosure, garden |
| of God | הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ס | hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm | Article; Noun - masculine plural | H430 God |
Ezekiel 31:10
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therefore | לָכֵ֗ן | lā·ḵên | Adverb | H3651 right, veritable, honest |
| this is what | כֹּ֤ה | kōh | Adverb | H3541 thus, here |
| the Lord | אֲדֹנָ֣י | ’ă·ḏō·nāy | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H136 lord |
| GOD | יְהוִ֔ה | Yah·weh | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H3069 Yahweh |
| says | אָמַר֙ | ’ā·mar | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular | H559 utter, say |
| Since | יַ֕עַן | ya·‘an | Adverb | H3282 purpose, intention |
| it became great | גָּבַ֖הְתָּ | gā·ḇah·tā | Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | H1361 be high, exalted |
| in height | בְּקוֹמָ֑ה | bə·qō·w·māh | Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular | H6967 height |
| and set | וַיִּתֵּ֤ן | way·yit·tên | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | H5414 give, put, set |
| its top | צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ | ṣam·mar·tōw | Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H6788 top |
| among | בֵּ֣ין | bên | Preposition | H996 interval, space between |
| the clouds | עֲבוֹתִ֔ים | ‘ă·ḇō·w·ṯîm | Noun - common plural | H5688 (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?) |
| and it grew proud | וְרָ֥ם | wə·rām | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular | H7311 be high, exalted, rise |
| on account of its height | בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃ | bə·ḡā·ḇə·hōw | Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H1363 height |
Cross-references
Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.
Ezekiel 31:3 Isaiah 10:33–34 · Daniel 4:20–23 · Daniel 4:10 · Judges 9:15 · Ezekiel 17:22 · Ezekiel 17:3–4
Ezekiel 31:4 Revelation 17:15 · Proverbs 14:28 · Ezekiel 17:8 · Revelation 17:1 · Ezekiel 17:5
Ezekiel 31:5 Daniel 4:11 · Ezekiel 17:5
Ezekiel 31:6 Ezekiel 17:23 · Matthew 13:32 · Daniel 4:21 · Daniel 4:12
Ezekiel 31:8 Ezekiel 28:13 · Isaiah 51:3 · Psalm 80:10 · Genesis 13:10 · Ezekiel 31:18 · Genesis 2:8–9 · Ezekiel 31:16
Ezekiel 31:9 Daniel 2:37–38 · Isaiah 51:3 · Psalm 75:6–7 · Genesis 13:10 · Ezekiel 28:13
Ezekiel 31:10 Daniel 5:20 · Ezekiel 28:17 · 2 Chronicles 32:25
Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.
Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.