Jonah

Jonah 1:4–10

⁴Then the LORD hurled a great wind upon the sea, and such a violent storm arose that the ship was in danger of breaking apart. ⁵The sailors were afraid, and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the ship’s cargo into the sea to lighten the load. But Jonah had gone down to the lowest part of the vessel, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep.

⁶The captain approached him and said, “How can you sleep? Get up and call upon your God. Perhaps this God will consider us, so that we may not perish.”

⁷“Come!” said the sailors to one another. “Let us cast lots to find out who is responsible for this calamity that is upon us.”

So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah.

⁸“Tell us now,” they demanded, “who is to blame for this calamity that is upon us? What is your occupation, and where have you come from? What is your country, and who are your people?”

⁹“I am a Hebrew,” replied Jonah. “I worship the LORD, the God of the heavens, who made the sea and the dry land.”

¹⁰Then the men were even more afraid and said to him, “What have you done?” The men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.

Read all of Jonah 1

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Jonah 1:4

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then the LORD	וַֽיהוָ֗ה	Yah·weh	Conjunctive waw; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
hurled	הֵטִ֤יל	hê·ṭîl	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H2904 hurl, cast
a great	גְּדוֹלָה֙	gə·ḏō·w·lāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H1419 great
wind	רֽוּחַ־	rū·aḥ-	Noun - common singular	H7307 breath, wind, spirit
upon	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the sea	הַיָּ֔ם	hay·yām	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H3220 sea
and such a violent	גָּד֖וֹל	gā·ḏō·wl	Adjective - masculine singular	H1419 great
storm	סַֽעַר־	sa·‘ar-	Noun - masculine singular	H5591 tempest
arose	וַיְהִ֥י	way·hî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
that the ship	וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה	wə·hā·’o·nî·yāh	Conjunctive waw, Article; Noun - feminine singular	H591 a ship
was in danger	חִשְּׁבָ֖ה	ḥiš·šə·ḇāh	Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person feminine singular	H2803 think, account
of breaking apart	לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃	lə·hiš·šā·ḇêr	Preposition-l; Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct	H7665 break, break in pieces

Jonah 1:5

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
The sailors	הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים	ham·mal·lā·ḥîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H4419 mariner
were afraid	וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ	way·yî·rə·’ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3372 fear
and each	אִ֣ישׁ	’îš	Noun - masculine singular	H376 man
cried out	וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮	way·yiz·‘ă·qū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H2199 cry, cry out, call
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
his own god	אֱלֹהָיו֒	’ĕ·lō·hāw	Noun - masculine plural construct; third person masculine singular	H430 God
And they threw	וַיָּטִ֨לוּ	way·yā·ṭi·lū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H2904 hurl, cast
the ship’s	בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙	bā·’o·nî·yāh	Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singular	H591 a ship
cargo	הַכֵּלִ֜ים	hak·kê·lîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H3627 article, utensil, vessel
into	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the sea	הַיָּ֔ם	hay·yām	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H3220 sea
to lighten	לְהָקֵ֖ל	lə·hā·qêl	Preposition-l; Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct	H7043 be slight, swift, trifling
the load	מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם	mê·‘ă·lê·hem	Preposition-m; third person masculine plural	H5921 height
But Jonah	וְיוֹנָ֗ה	wə·yō·w·nāh	Conjunctive waw; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3124 Jonah
had gone down	יָרַד֙	yā·raḏ	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H3381 come or go down, descend
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
the lowest part	יַרְכְּתֵ֣י	yar·kə·ṯê	Noun - feminine dual construct	H3411 flank, side
of the vessel	הַסְּפִינָ֔ה	has·sə·p̄î·nāh	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H5600 vessel, ship
where he lay down	וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב	way·yiš·kaḇ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7901 lie down
and fell into a deep sleep	וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃	way·yê·rā·ḏam	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7290 be in, or fall into, heavy sleep

Jonah 1:6

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
The captain	רַ֣ב	raḇ	Noun - masculine singular construct	H7227 much, many, great
approached	וַיִּקְרַ֤ב	way·yiq·raḇ	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H7126 come near, approach
him	אֵלָיו֙	’ê·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H413 motion to
and said	וַיֹּ֥אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
How	מַה־	mah-	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
can you	לְּךָ֣	lə·ḵā	Preposition; second person masculine singular
sleep	נִרְדָּ֑ם	nir·dām	Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine singular	H7290 be in, or fall into, heavy sleep
Get up	ק֚וּם	qūm	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular	H6965 arise, stand up, stand
call	קְרָ֣א	qə·rā	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular	H7121 call, proclaim, read
upon	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
your God	אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ	’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā	Noun - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H430 God
Perhaps	אוּלַ֞י	’ū·lay	Adverb	H194 peradventure, perhaps
this God	הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים	hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H430 God
will consider	יִתְעַשֵּׁ֧ת	yiṯ·‘aš·šêṯ	Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine singular	H6245 smooth or shiny (?)
us	לָ֖נוּ	lā·nū	Preposition; first person common plural
so that	וְלֹ֥א	wə·lō	Conjunctive waw; Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
we may not perish	נֹאבֵֽד׃	nō·ḇêḏ	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common plural	H6 perish

Jonah 1:7

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Come	לְכוּ֙	lə·ḵū	Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural	H1980 go, come, walk
said the sailors	וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
to	אֶל־	’el-	Preposition	H413 motion to
one another	רֵעֵ֗הוּ	rê·‘ê·hū	Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular	H7453 shouting, roar
Let us cast	וְנַפִּ֣ילָה	wə·nap·pî·lāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural	H5307 fall, lie
lots	גֽוֹרָל֔וֹת	ḡō·w·rā·lō·wṯ	Noun - masculine plural	H1486 lot
to find out	וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה	wə·nê·ḏə·‘āh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative - first person common plural	H3045 know
who is responsible	בְּשֶׁלְּמִ֛י	bə·šel·lə·mî	Preposition-b, Pr; Interrogative	H4310 who?
for this	הַזֹּ֖את	haz·zōṯ	Article; Pronoun - feminine singular	H2063 this
calamity	הָרָעָ֥ה	hā·rā·‘āh	Article; Adjective - feminine singular	H7451 bad, evil
that is upon us	לָ֑נוּ	lā·nū	Preposition; first person common plural
So they cast	וַיַּפִּ֙לוּ֙	way·yap·pi·lū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H5307 fall, lie
lots	גּֽוֹרָל֔וֹת	gō·w·rā·lō·wṯ	Noun - masculine plural	H1486 lot
and the lot	הַגּוֹרָ֖ל	hag·gō·w·rāl	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H1486 lot
fell	וַיִּפֹּ֥ל	way·yip·pōl	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H5307 fall, lie
on	עַל־	‘al-	Preposition	H5921 height
Jonah	יוֹנָֽה׃	yō·w·nāh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3124 Jonah

Jonah 1:8

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Tell	הַגִּידָה־	hag·gî·ḏāh-	Verb - Hifil - Imperative - masculine singular; third person feminine singular	H5046 be conspicuous
us	לָ֔נוּ	lā·nū	Preposition; first person common plural
now	נָּ֣א	nā	Interjection	H4994 I (we) pray, now
they demanded	וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
who	לְמִי־	lə·mî-	Preposition-l; Interrogative	H4310 who?
is to blame	בַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר	ba·’ă·šer	Preposition-b; Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
for this	הַזֹּ֖את	haz·zōṯ	Article; Pronoun - feminine singular	H2063 this
calamity	הָרָעָ֥ה	hā·rā·‘āh	Article; Adjective - feminine singular	H7451 bad, evil
that is upon us	לָ֑נוּ	lā·nū	Preposition; first person common plural
What	מַה־	mah-	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
your occupation	מְּלַאכְתְּךָ֙	mə·laḵ·tə·ḵā	Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singular	H4399 occupation, work
and where	וּמֵאַ֣יִן	ū·mê·’a·yin	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m; Adverb	H370 whence?
have you come from	תָּב֔וֹא	tā·ḇō·w	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular	H935 come in, come, go in, go
What	מָ֣ה	māh	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
is your country	אַרְצֶ֔ךָ	’ar·ṣe·ḵā	Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine singular	H776 earth, land
and who	וְאֵֽי־	wə·’ê-	Conjunctive waw; Interrogative	H335 where?
are your	אָֽתָּה׃	’āt·tāh	Pronoun - second person masculine singular	H859 thou
people	עַ֖ם	‘am	Noun - masculine singular	H5971 people

Jonah 1:9

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I am	אָנֹ֑כִי	’ā·nō·ḵî	Pronoun - first person common singular	H595 I
a Hebrew	עִבְרִ֣י	‘iḇ·rî	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H5680 Hebrew
replied Jonah	וַיֹּ֥אמֶר	way·yō·mer	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular	H559 utter, say
I	אֲנִ֣י	’ă·nî	Pronoun - first person common singular	H589 I
worship	יָרֵ֔א	yā·rê	Adjective - masculine singular	H3373 fear
the LORD	יְהוָ֞ה	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
the God	אֱלֹהֵ֤י	’ĕ·lō·hê	Noun - masculine plural construct	H430 God
of the heavens	הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙	haš·šā·ma·yim	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H8064 sky, aloft
who	אֲשֶׁר־	’ă·šer-	Pronoun - relative	H834 particle of relation
made	עָשָׂ֥ה	‘ā·śāh	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
the sea	הַיָּ֖ם	hay·yām	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H3220 sea
and the dry land	הַיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃	hay·yab·bā·šāh	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H3004 dry land, dry ground

Jonah 1:10

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Then the men	הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙	hā·’ă·nā·šîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H582 man, mankind
were even more	גְדוֹלָ֔ה	ḡə·ḏō·w·lāh	Adjective - feminine singular	H1419 great
afraid	וַיִּֽירְא֤וּ	way·yî·rə·’ū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H3372 fear
and said	וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ	way·yō·mə·rū	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural	H559 utter, say
to him	אֵלָ֖יו	’ê·lāw	Preposition; third person masculine singular	H413 motion to
What	מַה־	mah-	Interrogative	H4100 what? how? aught
have you done	עָשִׂ֑יתָ	‘ā·śî·ṯā	Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular	H6213 do, make
The men	הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים	hā·’ă·nā·šîm	Article; Noun - masculine plural	H582 man, mankind
knew	יָדְע֣וּ	yā·ḏə·‘ū	Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural	H3045 know
that	כִּֽי־	kî-	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
he	ה֣וּא	hū	Pronoun - third person masculine singular	H1931 he, she
was fleeing	בֹרֵ֔חַ	ḇō·rê·aḥ	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular	H1272 go through, flee
from the presence	מִלִּפְנֵ֤י	mil·lip̄·nê	Preposition-m, Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct	H6440 face, before
of the LORD	יְהוָה֙	Yah·weh	Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3068 Yahweh
because	כִּ֥י	kî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
he had told	הִגִּ֖יד	hig·gîḏ	Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular	H5046 be conspicuous
them	לָהֶֽם׃	lā·hem	Preposition-l; Pronoun - third person masculine plural