Joshua

Joshua 12:1–8

1Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward:

2Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along the middle of the valley, up to the Jabbok River (the border of the Ammonites), that is, half of Gilead, 3as well as the Arabah east of the Sea of Chinneretha to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Seab), eastward through Beth-jeshimoth, and southward below the slopes of Pisgah.

4And Og king of Bashan,c one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei. 5He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

6Moses, the servant of the LORD, and the Israelites had struck them down and given their land as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

7And these are the kings of the land that Joshua and the Israelites conquered beyond the Jordan to the west, from Baal-gad in the Valley of Lebanon to Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir (according to the allotments to the tribes of Israel, Joshua gave them as an inheritance 8the hill country, the foothills,d the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev — the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites):

Footnotes

  • a 12:3 That is, the Sea of Galilee
  • b 12:3 That is, the Dead Sea
  • c 12:4 LXX; Hebrew And the territory of Og king of Bashan
  • d 12:8 Hebrew Shephelah or lowlands; that is, the western foothills of Judea

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Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Joshua 12:1

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Now theseוְאֵ֣לֶּה׀wə·’êl·lehConjunctive waw; Pronoun - common pluralH428 these
the kingsמַלְכֵ֣יmal·ḵêNoun - masculine plural constructH4428 king
of the landהָאָ֗רֶץhā·’ā·reṣArticle; Noun - feminine singularH776 earth, land
whom the Israelitesבְנֵֽי־ḇə·nê-Noun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
struck downהִכּ֤וּhik·kūVerb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralH5221 smite
and whoseאֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šerPronoun - relativeH834 particle of relation
landsאַרְצָ֔ם’ar·ṣāmNoun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine pluralH776 earth, land
they tookוַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּway·yir·šūConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralH3423 take possession of, inherit, dispossess
beyondבְּעֵ֥בֶרbə·‘ê·ḇerPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH5676 region across or beyond, side
the Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןhay·yar·dênArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH3383 Jordan
to the eastמִזְרְחָ֣הmiz·rə·ḥāhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH4217 place of sunrise, east
from the Arnonאַרְנוֹן֙’ar·nō·wnNoun - proper - feminine singularH769 Arnon
Valleyמִנַּ֤חַלmin·na·ḥalPreposition-m; Noun - masculine singular constructH5158 torrent, torrent-valley, wady
toעַד־‘aḏ-PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
Mountהַ֣רharNoun - masculine singular constructH2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
Hermonחֶרְמ֔וֹןḥer·mō·wnNoun - proper - feminine singularH2768 Hermon
including allוְכָל־wə·ḵālConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
the Arabahהָעֲרָבָ֖הhā·‘ă·rā·ḇāhArticle; Noun - feminine singularH6160 desert-plain, steppe
eastwardמִזְרָֽחָה׃miz·rā·ḥāhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH4217 place of sunrise, east

Joshua 12:2

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Sihonסִיחוֹן֙sî·ḥō·wnNoun - proper - masculine singularH5511 Sihon
kingמֶ֣לֶךְme·leḵNoun - masculine singular constructH4428 king
of the Amoritesהָאֱמֹרִ֔יhā·’ĕ·mō·rîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH567 Amorites
who livedהַיּוֹשֵׁ֖בhay·yō·wō·šêḇArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH3427 sit, remain, dwell
in Heshbonבְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןbə·ḥeš·bō·wnPreposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singularH2809 Cheshbon
He ruledמֹשֵׁ֡לmō·šêlVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH4910 rule, have dominion, reign
from Aroerמֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡רmê·‘ă·rō·w·‘êrPreposition-m; Noun - proper - feminine singularH6177 Aroër
onעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
the rimשְׂפַת־śə·p̄aṯ-Noun - feminine singular constructH8193 lip, speech, edge
of the Arnonאַרְנ֜וֹן’ar·nō·wnNoun - proper - feminine singularH769 Arnon
Valleyנַ֨חַלna·ḥalNoun - masculine singular constructH5158 torrent, torrent-valley, wady
along the middleוְת֤וֹךְwə·ṯō·wḵConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH8432 midst
of the valleyהַנַּ֙חַל֙han·na·ḥalArticle; Noun - masculine singularH5158 torrent, torrent-valley, wady
up toוְעַד֙wə·‘aḏConjunctive waw; PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the Jabbokיַבֹּ֣קyab·bōqNoun - proper - feminine singularH2999 Jabbok
Riverהַנַּ֔חַלhan·na·ḥalArticle; Noun - masculine singularH5158 torrent, torrent-valley, wady
the borderגְּב֖וּלgə·ḇūlNoun - masculine singular constructH1366 border, boundary, territory
of theבְּנֵ֥יbə·nêNoun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
Ammonitesעַמּֽוֹן׃‘am·mō·wnNoun - proper - masculine singularH5983 Ammon
that isוַחֲצִ֣יwa·ḥă·ṣîConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH2677 half
halfוַחֲצִ֣יwa·ḥă·ṣîConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH2677 half
of Gileadהַגִּלְעָ֔דhag·gil·‘āḏArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH1568 Gilad

Joshua 12:3

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
as well as the Arabahוְהָעֲרָבָה֩wə·hā·‘ă·rā·ḇāhConjunctive waw, Article; Noun - feminine singularH6160 desert-plain, steppe
eastמִזְרָ֗חָהmiz·rā·ḥāhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH4217 place of sunrise, east
of the Seaיָ֨םyāmNoun - masculine singular constructH3220 sea
of Chinnerethכִּנְר֜וֹתkin·rō·wṯNoun - proper - feminine singularH3672 Kinneroth, Kinnereth
toעַד־‘aḏ-PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the Seaיָ֣םyāmNoun - masculine singular constructH3220 sea
of the Arabahהָעֲרָבָ֤הhā·‘ă·rā·ḇāhArticle; Noun - feminine singularH6160 desert-plain, steppe
the Salt Seaיָם־yām-Noun - masculine singular constructH3220 sea
eastwardמִזְרָ֔חָהmiz·rā·ḥāhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH4217 place of sunrise, east
throughדֶּ֖רֶךְde·reḵNoun - common singular constructH1870 way, road, distance, journey, manner
Beth-jeshimothהַיְשִׁמ֑וֹתhay·ši·mō·wṯNoun - proper - feminine singularH1020 Beth-ha-Jeshimoth
and southwardוּמִ֨תֵּימָ֔ןū·mit·tê·mānConjunctive waw, Preposition-m; Noun - feminine singularH8486 south, south wind
belowתַּ֖חַתta·ḥaṯPrepositionH8478 the under part
the slopesאַשְׁדּ֥וֹת’aš·dō·wṯNoun - common plural constructH794 foundation
of Pisgahהַפִּסְגָּֽה׃hap·pis·gāhArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH6449 Pisgah

Joshua 12:4

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Andוּגְב֗וּלū·ḡə·ḇūlConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH1366 border, boundary, territory
Ogע֚וֹג‘ō·wḡNoun - proper - masculine singularH5747 Og
kingמֶ֣לֶךְme·leḵNoun - masculine singular constructH4428 king
of Bashanהַבָּשָׁ֔ןhab·bā·šānArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH1316 Bashan
one of the remnantמִיֶּ֖תֶרmî·ye·ṯerPreposition-m; Noun - masculine singular constructH3499 remainder, excellence, excess
of the Rephaimהָרְפָאִ֑יםhā·rə·p̄ā·’îmArticle; Noun - proper - masculine pluralH7497 giant
who livedהַיּוֹשֵׁ֥בhay·yō·wō·šêḇArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH3427 sit, remain, dwell
in Ashtarothבְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹתbə·‘aš·tā·rō·wṯPreposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singularH6252 Ashtaroth
and Edreiוּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי׃ū·ḇə·’eḏ·re·‘îConjunctive waw, Preposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singularH154 Edrei

Joshua 12:5

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
He ruledוּ֠מֹשֵׁלū·mō·šêlConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH4910 rule, have dominion, reign
over Mountבְּהַ֨רbə·harPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
Hermonחֶרְמ֤וֹןḥer·mō·wnNoun - proper - feminine singularH2768 Hermon
Salecahוּבְסַלְכָה֙ū·ḇə·sal·ḵāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-b; Noun - proper - feminine singularH5548 Salcah
allוּבְכָל־ū·ḇə·ḵālConjunctive waw, Preposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
of Bashanהַבָּשָׁ֔ןhab·bā·šānArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH1316 Bashan
up toעַד־‘aḏ-PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the borderגְּב֥וּלgə·ḇūlNoun - masculine singular constructH1366 border, boundary, territory
of the Geshuritesהַגְּשׁוּרִ֖יhag·gə·šū·rîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH1651 Geshurite
and Maacathitesוְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֑יwə·ham·ma·‘ă·ḵā·ṯîConjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singularH4602 Maakathite
and halfוַחֲצִי֙wa·ḥă·ṣîConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular constructH2677 half
of Gileadהַגִּלְעָ֔דhag·gil·‘āḏArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH1568 Gilad
to the borderגְּב֖וּלgə·ḇūlNoun - masculine singular constructH1366 border, boundary, territory
of Sihonסִיח֥וֹןsî·ḥō·wnNoun - proper - masculine singularH5511 Sihon
kingמֶֽלֶךְ־me·leḵ-Noun - masculine singular constructH4428 king
of Heshbonחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן׃ḥeš·bō·wnNoun - proper - feminine singularH2809 Cheshbon

Joshua 12:6

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Mosesמֹשֶׁ֧הmō·šehNoun - proper - masculine singularH4872 Moses
the servantעֶֽבֶד־‘e·ḇeḏ-Noun - masculine singular constructH5650 slave, servant
of the LORDיְהוָ֛הYah·wehNoun - proper - masculine singularH3068 Yahweh
and the Israelitesוּבְנֵ֥יū·ḇə·nêConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
had struck them downהִכּ֑וּםhik·kūmVerb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural; third person masculine pluralH5221 smite
givenוַֽ֠יִּתְּנָהּway·yit·tə·nāhConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singularH5414 give, put, set
their land as an inheritanceיְרֻשָּׁ֗הyə·ruš·šāhNoun - feminine singularH3425 possession, inheritance
to the Reubenitesלָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙lā·ru·’ū·ḇê·nîPreposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singularH7206 Reubenite
the Gaditesוְלַגָּדִ֔יwə·lag·gā·ḏîConjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singularH1425 Gadite
and the half-tribeוְלַחֲצִ֖יwə·la·ḥă·ṣîConjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article; Noun - masculine singular constructH2677 half
of Manassehהַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃סham·naš·šehArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH4519 Manasseh

Joshua 12:7

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
And theseוְאֵ֣לֶּהwə·’êl·lehConjunctive waw; Pronoun - common pluralH428 these
the kingsמַלְכֵ֣יmal·ḵêNoun - masculine plural constructH4428 king
of the landהָאָ֡רֶץhā·’ā·reṣArticle; Noun - feminine singularH776 earth, land
thatאֲשֶׁר֩’ă·šerPronoun - relativeH834 particle of relation
Joshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַyə·hō·wō·šu·a‘Noun - proper - masculine singularH3091 Jehoshua
and the Israelitesוּבְנֵ֣יū·ḇə·nêConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine plural constructH1121 son
conqueredהִכָּ֨הhik·kāhVerb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularH5221 smite
beyondבְּעֵ֤בֶרbə·‘ê·ḇerPreposition-b; Noun - masculine singular constructH5676 region across or beyond, side
the Jordanהַיַּרְדֵּן֙hay·yar·dênArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH3383 Jordan
to the westיָ֔מָּהyām·māhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH3220 sea
from Baal-gadגָּד֙gāḏPreposition; Noun - proper - feminine singularH1171 Baal-Gad
in the Valleyבְּבִקְעַ֣תbə·ḇiq·‘aṯPreposition-b; Noun - feminine singular constructH1237 valley
of Lebanonהַלְּבָנ֔וֹןhal·lə·ḇā·nō·wnArticle; Noun - proper - feminine singularH3844 Lebanon
toוְעַד־wə·‘aḏ-Conjunctive waw; PrepositionH5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
Mountהָהָ֥רhā·hārArticle; Noun - masculine singularH2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
Halakהֶחָלָ֖קhe·ḥā·lāqArticle; Adjective - masculine singularH2510 smooth
which risesהָעֹלֶ֣הhā·‘ō·lehArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH5927 go up, ascend, climb
toward Seirשֵׂעִ֑ירָהśê·‘î·rāhNoun - proper - feminine singular; third person feminine singularH8165 Se`îr
according to the allotmentsכְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃kə·maḥ·lə·qō·ṯāmPreposition-k; Noun - feminine plural construct; third person masculine pluralH4256 division, course
to the tribesלְשִׁבְטֵ֧יlə·šiḇ·ṭêPreposition-l; Noun - masculine plural constructH7626 rod, staff, club, sceptre
of Israelיִשְׂרָאֵ֛לyiś·rā·’êlNoun - proper - masculine singularH3478 Israel
Joshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַyə·hō·wō·šu·a‘Noun - proper - masculine singularH3091 Jehoshua
gaveוַיִּתְּנָ֨הּway·yit·tə·nāhConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singularH5414 give, put, set
as an inheritanceיְרֻשָּׁ֖הyə·ruš·šāhNoun - feminine singularH3425 possession, inheritance

Joshua 12:8

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
the hill countryבָּהָ֣רbā·hārPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH2022 mountain, hill, hill-country
the foothillsוּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗הū·ḇaš·šə·p̄ê·lāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singularH8219 lowland
the Arabahוּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ū·ḇā·‘ă·rā·ḇāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - feminine singularH6160 desert-plain, steppe
the slopesוּבָ֣אֲשֵׁד֔וֹתū·ḇā·’ă·šê·ḏō·wṯConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - common pluralH794 foundation
the wildernessוּבַמִּדְבָּ֖רū·ḇam·miḏ·bārConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH4057 mouth
and the Negevוּבַנֶּ֑גֶבū·ḇan·ne·ḡeḇConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - proper - feminine singularH5045 south-country, Negeb, south
the Hittitesהַֽחִתִּי֙ha·ḥit·tîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH2850 Hittite(s)
Amoritesהָֽאֱמֹרִ֔יhā·’ĕ·mō·rîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH567 Amorites
Canaanitesוְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙wə·hak·kə·na·‘ă·nîConjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singularH3669 trader, merchant
Perizzitesהַפְּרִזִּ֔יhap·pə·riz·zîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH6522 Perizzite
Hivitesהַחִוִּ֖יha·ḥiw·wîArticle; Noun - proper - masculine singularH2340 Chivvite
and Jebusitesוְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃פwə·hay·ḇū·sîConjunctive waw, Article; Noun - proper - masculine singularH2983 Jebusite, Jebusites

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

Joshua 12:1 Deuteronomy 3:8–9 · Numbers 21:13 · Judges 11:18 · Numbers 21:24 · Joshua 1:15

Joshua 12:2 Genesis 32:22

Joshua 12:3 Deuteronomy 3:17 · Joshua 13:20 · Joshua 11:2 · Deuteronomy 4:49

Joshua 12:4 Deuteronomy 1:4 · Deuteronomy 3:10–11 · Numbers 21:33–35 · Joshua 13:12 · Deuteronomy 3:1–7

Joshua 12:5 Deuteronomy 3:14 · Joshua 13:11 · 1 Samuel 27:8 · Deuteronomy 3:8–10

Joshua 12:6 Numbers 32:33

Joshua 12:7 Joshua 11:17 · Joshua 11:23–12:1

Joshua 12:8 Joshua 11:16 · Joshua 10:40 · Joshua 9:1 · Genesis 15:18–21 · Deuteronomy 9:1 · Deuteronomy 7:1 · Exodus 23:23 · Exodus 3:8

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.