Isaiah
Isaiah 28:1–8
1Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’sa drunkards,
to the fading flower of his glorious splendor,
set on the summit above the fertile valley,
the pride of those overcome by wine.
2Behold, the Lord has one
who is strong and mighty.
Like a hailstorm or destructive tempest,
like a driving rain or flooding downpour,
he will smash that crown to the ground.
3The majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards
will be trampled underfoot.
4The fading flower of his beautiful splendor,
set on the summit above the fertile valley,
will be like a ripe fig before the summer harvest:
Whoever sees it will take it in his hand and swallow it.
5On that day the LORD of Hosts will be a crown of glory,
a diadem of splendor to the remnant of His people,
6a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment,
and a strength to those who repel the onslaught at the gate.
7These also stagger from wine
and stumble from strong drink:
Priests and prophets reel from strong drink
and are befuddled by wine.
They stumble because of strong drink,
muddled in their visions and stumbling in their judgments.
8For all their tables are covered with vomit;
there is not a place without filth.
Footnotes
- a 28:1 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 3
Word by word
Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.
Isaiah 28:1
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woe | ה֗וֹי | hō·w | Interjection | H1945 Ah, Alas, Ha |
| to the majestic | גֵּאוּת֙ | gê·’ūṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H1348 majesty |
| crown | עֲטֶ֤רֶת | ‘ă·ṭe·reṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H5850 crown, wreath |
| of Ephraim’s | אֶפְרַ֔יִם | ’ep̄·ra·yim | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H669 Ephraim |
| drunkards | שִׁכֹּרֵ֣י | šik·kō·rê | Adjective - masculine plural construct | H7910 drunken |
| to the fading | נֹבֵ֖ל | nō·ḇêl | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H5034 be senseless, foolish |
| flower | וְצִ֥יץ | wə·ṣîṣ | Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular | H6731 blossom, flower. |
| of his glorious | צְבִ֣י | ṣə·ḇî | Noun - masculine singular construct | H6643 beauty, honour |
| splendor | תִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ | ṯip̄·’ar·tōw | Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H8597 beauty, glory |
| set | אֲשֶׁ֛ר | ’ă·šer | Pronoun - relative | H834 particle of relation |
| on | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| the summit | רֹ֥אשׁ | rōš | Noun - masculine singular construct | H7218 head |
| above the fertile | שְׁמָנִ֖ים | šə·mā·nîm | Noun - masculine plural | H8081 fat, oil |
| valley | גֵּֽיא־ | gê- | Noun - common singular construct | H1516 valley |
| of those overcome | הֲל֥וּמֵי | hă·lū·mê | Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural construct | H1986 smite, hammer, strike down |
| by wine | יָֽיִן׃ | yā·yin | Noun - masculine singular | H3196 wine |
Isaiah 28:2
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behold | הִנֵּ֨ה | hin·nêh | Interjection | H2009 lo! behold! |
| the Lord | לַֽאדֹנָ֔י | la·ḏō·nāy | Preposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singular | H136 lord |
| strong | חָזָ֤ק | ḥā·zāq | Adjective - masculine singular | H2389 strong, stout, mighty |
| and mighty | וְאַמִּץ֙ | wə·’am·miṣ | Conjunctive waw; Adjective - masculine singular | H533 be stout, strong, bold, alert |
| Like a hailstorm | בָּרָ֖ד | bā·rāḏ | Noun - masculine singular | H1259 hail |
| or destructive | קָ֑טֶב | qā·ṭeḇ | Noun - masculine singular | H6986 destruction |
| tempest | שַׂ֣עַר | śa·‘ar | Noun - masculine singular construct | H8178 horror |
| like a driving rain | כְּ֠זֶרֶם | kə·ze·rem | Preposition-k; Noun - masculine singular construct | H2230 flood of rain, rain-storm, downpour |
| or flooding downpour | כַּבִּירִ֥ים | kab·bî·rîm | Adjective - masculine plural | H3524 great, mighty, much |
| he will smash | הִנִּ֥יחַ | hin·nî·aḥ | Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | H5117 rest |
| to the ground | לָאָ֖רֶץ | lā·’ā·reṣ | Preposition-l, Article; Noun - feminine singular | H776 earth, land |
Isaiah 28:3
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The majestic | גֵּא֖וּת | gê·’ūṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H1348 majesty |
| crown | עֲטֶ֥רֶת | ‘ă·ṭe·reṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H5850 crown, wreath |
| of Ephraim’s | אֶפְרָֽיִם׃ | ’ep̄·rā·yim | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H669 Ephraim |
| drunkards | שִׁכּוֹרֵ֥י | šik·kō·w·rê | Adjective - masculine plural construct | H7910 drunken |
| will be trampled underfoot | תֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָה | tê·rā·mas·nāh | Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural | H7429 trample |
Isaiah 28:4
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The fading | נֹבֵל֙ | nō·ḇêl | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H5034 be senseless, foolish |
| flower | צִיצַ֤ת | ṣî·ṣaṯ | Noun - feminine singular construct | H6733 flower |
| of his beautiful | צְבִ֣י | ṣə·ḇî | Noun - masculine singular construct | H6643 beauty, honour |
| splendor | תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ | ṯip̄·’ar·tōw | Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H8597 beauty, glory |
| on | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| the summit | רֹ֖אשׁ | rōš | Noun - masculine singular construct | H7218 head |
| above the fertile | שְׁמָנִ֑ים | šə·mā·nîm | Noun - masculine plural | H8081 fat, oil |
| valley | גֵּ֣יא | gê | Noun - common singular construct | H1516 valley |
| will be | וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה | wə·hā·yə·ṯāh | Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| like a ripe fig | כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙ | kə·ḇik·kū·rå̄h | Preposition-k; Noun - feminine singular | H1063 first ripe fig, early fig |
| before | בְּטֶ֣רֶם | bə·ṭe·rem | Preposition-b; Adverb | H2962 not yet, ere, before that |
| the summer harvest | קַ֔יִץ | qa·yiṣ | Noun - masculine singular | H7019 summer, summer-fruit |
| Whoever | יִרְאֶ֤ה | yir·’eh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H7200 see |
| sees it | הָֽרֹאֶה֙ | hā·rō·’eh | Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H7200 see |
| will take it | בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ | bə·‘ō·w·ḏāh | Preposition-b; Adverb; third person feminine singular | H5750 a going round, continuance |
| in his hand | בְּכַפּ֖וֹ | bə·ḵap·pōw | Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H3709 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan |
| swallow it | יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ס | yiḇ·lā·‘en·nāh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H1104 swallow down, swallow up, engulf |
Isaiah 28:5
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| On that | הַה֗וּא | ha·hū | Article; Pronoun - third person masculine singular | H1931 he, she |
| day | בַּיּ֣וֹם | bay·yō·wm | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H3117 day |
| the LORD | יְהוָ֣ה | Yah·weh | Noun - proper - masculine singular | H3068 Yahweh |
| of Hosts | צְבָא֔וֹת | ṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ | Noun - common plural | H6635 army, war, warfare |
| will be | יִֽהְיֶה֙ | yih·yeh | Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be |
| a crown | לַעֲטֶ֣רֶת | la·‘ă·ṭe·reṯ | Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular construct | H5850 crown, wreath |
| of glory | צְבִ֔י | ṣə·ḇî | Noun - masculine singular | H6643 beauty, honour |
| a diadem | וְלִצְפִירַ֖ת | wə·liṣ·p̄î·raṯ | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular construct | H6843 plait, chaplet |
| of splendor | תִּפְאָרָ֑ה | tip̄·’ā·rāh | Noun - feminine singular | H8597 beauty, glory |
| to the remnant | לִשְׁאָ֖ר | liš·’ār | Preposition-l; Noun - masculine singular construct | H7605 remain, be left over |
| of His people | עַמּֽוֹ׃ | ‘am·mōw | Noun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singular | H5971 people |
Isaiah 28:6
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a spirit | וּלְר֖וּחַ | ū·lə·rū·aḥ | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - common singular construct | H7307 breath, wind, spirit |
| of justice | מִשְׁפָּ֑ט | miš·pāṭ | Noun - masculine singular | H4941 judgment |
| to him who sits | לַיּוֹשֵׁב֙ | lay·yō·wō·šêḇ | Preposition-l, Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular | H3427 sit, remain, dwell |
| in | עַל־ | ‘al- | Preposition | H5921 height |
| judgment | הַמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט | ham·miš·pāṭ | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H4941 judgment |
| and a strength | וְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔ה | wə·liḡ·ḇū·rāh | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular | H1369 strength, might |
| to those who repel | מְשִׁיבֵ֥י | mə·šî·ḇê | Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural construct | H7725 turn back, return |
| the onslaught | מִלְחָמָ֖ה | mil·ḥā·māh | Noun - feminine singular | H4421 battle, war |
| at the gate | שָֽׁעְרָה׃ס | šā·‘ə·rāh | Noun - masculine singular; third person feminine singular | H8179 gate |
Isaiah 28:7
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| These | אֵ֙לֶּה֙ | ’êl·leh | Pronoun - common plural | H428 these |
| also | וְגַם־ | wə·ḡam- | Conjunction | H1571 also, moreover, yea |
| stagger | שָׁג֔וּ | šā·ḡū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H7686 go astray, err |
| from wine | בַּיַּ֣יִן | bay·ya·yin | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H3196 wine |
| and stumble | תָּע֑וּ | tā·‘ū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H8582 err |
| from strong drink | וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר | ū·ḇaš·šê·ḵār | Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink |
| Priests | כֹּהֵ֣ן | kō·hên | Noun - masculine singular | H3548 priest |
| and prophets | וְנָבִיא֩ | wə·nā·ḇî | Conjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singular | H5030 spokesman, speaker, prophet |
| reel | שָׁג֨וּ | šā·ḡū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H7686 go astray, err |
| from strong drink | בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר | ḇaš·šê·ḵār | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink |
| and are befuddled | נִבְלְע֣וּ | niḇ·lə·‘ū | Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common plural | H1104 swallow down, swallow up, engulf |
| by | מִן־ | min- | Preposition | H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not |
| wine | הַיַּ֗יִן | hay·ya·yin | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H3196 wine |
| They stumble | תָּעוּ֙ | tā·‘ū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H8582 err |
| because of | מִן־ | min- | Preposition | H4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not |
| strong drink | הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר | haš·šê·ḵār | Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink |
| muddled | שָׁגוּ֙ | šā·ḡū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H7686 go astray, err |
| in their visions | בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה | bā·rō·’eh | Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singular | H7203 see |
| and stumbling | פָּק֖וּ | pā·qū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H6328 reel, totter |
| in their judgments | פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃ | pə·lî·lî·yāh | Noun - feminine singular | H6417 the giving a decision |
Isaiah 28:8
| English | Hebrew | Sounds like | Grammar | Word study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| For | כִּ֚י | kî | Conjunction | H3588 burning, branding |
| all | כָּל־ | kāl- | Noun - masculine singular construct | H3605 the whole, all |
| their tables | שֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹת | šul·ḥā·nō·wṯ | Noun - masculine plural | H7979 table |
| are covered | מָלְא֖וּ | mā·lə·’ū | Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural | H4390 be full, fill |
| with vomit | קִ֣יא | qî | Noun - masculine singular | H6892 what is vomited up, vomit |
| there is not a place | מָקֽוֹם׃ס | mā·qō·wm | Noun - masculine singular | H4725 standing, spot, condition |
| without | בְּלִ֖י | bə·lî | Adverb | H1097 wearing out |
| filth | צֹאָ֑ה | ṣō·’āh | Noun - feminine singular | H6675 filth |
Cross-references
Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.
Isaiah 28:1 Hosea 7:5 · Isaiah 28:7 · 2 Kings 14:25–27 · Isaiah 28:3–4
Isaiah 28:2 Ezekiel 13:11 · Isaiah 30:30 · Nahum 1:8 · Isaiah 27:1 · Isaiah 29:6
Isaiah 28:3 Isaiah 26:6 · Hebrews 10:29
Isaiah 28:4 Nahum 3:12 · Micah 7:1 · Isaiah 28:1 · Hosea 6:4
Isaiah 28:5 1 Peter 5:4 · Isaiah 62:3 · Isaiah 60:19 · Romans 11:5–6 · Isaiah 41:16 · Job 29:14 · Isaiah 45:25 · Psalm 90:16–17 · Jeremiah 9:23–24 · 1 Corinthians 1:30–31
Isaiah 28:6 Psalm 18:32–34 · John 5:30 · Joshua 1:9 · Numbers 11:16–17 · Isaiah 11:2–4 · Isaiah 32:15–16 · John 3:34 · Proverbs 20:8 · 1 Corinthians 12:8 · Psalm 72:1–4 · Deuteronomy 20:4 · 1 Kings 3:28
Isaiah 28:7 Isaiah 56:10–12 · Luke 21:34 · Isaiah 19:14 · Proverbs 20:1 · Ecclesiastes 10:17 · Micah 2:11 · Matthew 24:29 · Jeremiah 14:14 · Ezekiel 44:21 · Leviticus 10:9–10 · Isaiah 3:12 · Jeremiah 23:13
Isaiah 28:8 Jeremiah 48:26 · Proverbs 26:11
Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.
Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.