Isaiah

Isaiah 28:1–8

1Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’sa drunkards,

to the fading flower of his glorious splendor,

set on the summit above the fertile valley,

the pride of those overcome by wine.

2Behold, the Lord has one

who is strong and mighty.

Like a hailstorm or destructive tempest,

like a driving rain or flooding downpour,

he will smash that crown to the ground.

3The majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards

will be trampled underfoot.

4The fading flower of his beautiful splendor,

set on the summit above the fertile valley,

will be like a ripe fig before the summer harvest:

Whoever sees it will take it in his hand and swallow it.

5On that day the LORD of Hosts will be a crown of glory,

a diadem of splendor to the remnant of His people,

6a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment,

and a strength to those who repel the onslaught at the gate.

7These also stagger from wine

and stumble from strong drink:

Priests and prophets reel from strong drink

and are befuddled by wine.

They stumble because of strong drink,

muddled in their visions and stumbling in their judgments.

8For all their tables are covered with vomit;

there is not a place without filth.

Footnotes

  • a 28:1 That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verse 3

Read all of Isaiah 28

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Isaiah 28:1

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Woeה֗וֹיhō·wInterjectionH1945 Ah, Alas, Ha
to the majesticגֵּאוּת֙gê·’ūṯNoun - feminine singular constructH1348 majesty
crownעֲטֶ֤רֶת‘ă·ṭe·reṯNoun - feminine singular constructH5850 crown, wreath
of Ephraim’sאֶפְרַ֔יִם’ep̄·ra·yimNoun - proper - masculine singularH669 Ephraim
drunkardsשִׁכֹּרֵ֣יšik·kō·rêAdjective - masculine plural constructH7910 drunken
to the fadingנֹבֵ֖לnō·ḇêlVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH5034 be senseless, foolish
flowerוְצִ֥יץwə·ṣîṣConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singularH6731 blossom, flower.
of his gloriousצְבִ֣יṣə·ḇîNoun - masculine singular constructH6643 beauty, honour
splendorתִפְאַרְתּ֑וֹṯip̄·’ar·tōwNoun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singularH8597 beauty, glory
setאֲשֶׁ֛ר’ă·šerPronoun - relativeH834 particle of relation
onעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
the summitרֹ֥אשׁrōšNoun - masculine singular constructH7218 head
above the fertileשְׁמָנִ֖יםšə·mā·nîmNoun - masculine pluralH8081 fat, oil
valleyגֵּֽיא־gê-Noun - common singular constructH1516 valley
of those overcomeהֲל֥וּמֵיhă·lū·mêVerb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural constructH1986 smite, hammer, strike down
by wineיָֽיִן׃yā·yinNoun - masculine singularH3196 wine

Isaiah 28:2

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Beholdהִנֵּ֨הhin·nêhInterjectionH2009 lo! behold!
the Lordלַֽאדֹנָ֔יla·ḏō·nāyPreposition-l; Noun - proper - masculine singularH136 lord
strongחָזָ֤קḥā·zāqAdjective - masculine singularH2389 strong, stout, mighty
and mightyוְאַמִּץ֙wə·’am·miṣConjunctive waw; Adjective - masculine singularH533 be stout, strong, bold, alert
Like a hailstormבָּרָ֖דbā·rāḏNoun - masculine singularH1259 hail
or destructiveקָ֑טֶבqā·ṭeḇNoun - masculine singularH6986 destruction
tempestשַׂ֣עַרśa·‘arNoun - masculine singular constructH8178 horror
like a driving rainכְּ֠זֶרֶםkə·ze·remPreposition-k; Noun - masculine singular constructH2230 flood of rain, rain-storm, downpour
or flooding downpourכַּבִּירִ֥יםkab·bî·rîmAdjective - masculine pluralH3524 great, mighty, much
he will smashהִנִּ֥יחַhin·nî·aḥVerb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singularH5117 rest
to the groundלָאָ֖רֶץlā·’ā·reṣPreposition-l, Article; Noun - feminine singularH776 earth, land

Isaiah 28:3

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
The majesticגֵּא֖וּתgê·’ūṯNoun - feminine singular constructH1348 majesty
crownעֲטֶ֥רֶת‘ă·ṭe·reṯNoun - feminine singular constructH5850 crown, wreath
of Ephraim’sאֶפְרָֽיִם׃’ep̄·rā·yimNoun - proper - masculine singularH669 Ephraim
drunkardsשִׁכּוֹרֵ֥יšik·kō·w·rêAdjective - masculine plural constructH7910 drunken
will be trampled underfootתֵּֽרָמַ֑סְנָהtê·rā·mas·nāhVerb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluralH7429 trample

Isaiah 28:4

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
The fadingנֹבֵל֙nō·ḇêlVerb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH5034 be senseless, foolish
flowerצִיצַ֤תṣî·ṣaṯNoun - feminine singular constructH6733 flower
of his beautifulצְבִ֣יṣə·ḇîNoun - masculine singular constructH6643 beauty, honour
splendorתִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹṯip̄·’ar·tōwNoun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singularH8597 beauty, glory
onעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
the summitרֹ֖אשׁrōšNoun - masculine singular constructH7218 head
above the fertileשְׁמָנִ֑יםšə·mā·nîmNoun - masculine pluralH8081 fat, oil
valleyגֵּ֣יאgêNoun - common singular constructH1516 valley
will beוְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜הwə·hā·yə·ṯāhConjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singularH1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
like a ripe figכְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙kə·ḇik·kū·rå̄hPreposition-k; Noun - feminine singularH1063 first ripe fig, early fig
beforeבְּטֶ֣רֶםbə·ṭe·remPreposition-b; AdverbH2962 not yet, ere, before that
the summer harvestקַ֔יִץqa·yiṣNoun - masculine singularH7019 summer, summer-fruit
Whoeverיִרְאֶ֤הyir·’ehVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularH7200 see
sees itהָֽרֹאֶה֙hā·rō·’ehArticle; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH7200 see
will take itבְּעוֹדָ֥הּbə·‘ō·w·ḏāhPreposition-b; Adverb; third person feminine singularH5750 a going round, continuance
in his handבְּכַפּ֖וֹbə·ḵap·pōwPreposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct; third person masculine singularH3709 hollow, or flat of the hand, palm, sole of foot, pan
swallow itיִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃סyiḇ·lā·‘en·nāhVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular; third person feminine singularH1104 swallow down, swallow up, engulf

Isaiah 28:5

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
On thatהַה֗וּאha·hūArticle; Pronoun - third person masculine singularH1931 he, she
dayבַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wmPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH3117 day
the LORDיְהוָ֣הYah·wehNoun - proper - masculine singularH3068 Yahweh
of Hostsצְבָא֔וֹתṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯNoun - common pluralH6635 army, war, warfare
will beיִֽהְיֶה֙yih·yehVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularH1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
a crownלַעֲטֶ֣רֶתla·‘ă·ṭe·reṯPreposition-l; Noun - feminine singular constructH5850 crown, wreath
of gloryצְבִ֔יṣə·ḇîNoun - masculine singularH6643 beauty, honour
a diademוְלִצְפִירַ֖תwə·liṣ·p̄î·raṯConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singular constructH6843 plait, chaplet
of splendorתִּפְאָרָ֑הtip̄·’ā·rāhNoun - feminine singularH8597 beauty, glory
to the remnantלִשְׁאָ֖רliš·’ārPreposition-l; Noun - masculine singular constructH7605 remain, be left over
of His peopleעַמּֽוֹ׃‘am·mōwNoun - masculine singular construct; third person masculine singularH5971 people

Isaiah 28:6

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
a spiritוּלְר֖וּחַū·lə·rū·aḥConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - common singular constructH7307 breath, wind, spirit
of justiceמִשְׁפָּ֑טmiš·pāṭNoun - masculine singularH4941 judgment
to him who sitsלַיּוֹשֵׁב֙lay·yō·wō·šêḇPreposition-l, Article; Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularH3427 sit, remain, dwell
inעַל־‘al-PrepositionH5921 height
judgmentהַמִּשְׁפָּ֔טham·miš·pāṭArticle; Noun - masculine singularH4941 judgment
and a strengthוְלִ֨גְבוּרָ֔הwə·liḡ·ḇū·rāhConjunctive waw, Preposition-l; Noun - feminine singularH1369 strength, might
to those who repelמְשִׁיבֵ֥יmə·šî·ḇêVerb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural constructH7725 turn back, return
the onslaughtמִלְחָמָ֖הmil·ḥā·māhNoun - feminine singularH4421 battle, war
at the gateשָֽׁעְרָה׃סšā·‘ə·rāhNoun - masculine singular; third person feminine singularH8179 gate

Isaiah 28:7

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Theseאֵ֙לֶּה֙’êl·lehPronoun - common pluralH428 these
alsoוְגַם־wə·ḡam-ConjunctionH1571 also, moreover, yea
staggerשָׁג֔וּšā·ḡūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH7686 go astray, err
from wineבַּיַּ֣יִןbay·ya·yinPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH3196 wine
and stumbleתָּע֑וּtā·‘ūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH8582 err
from strong drinkוּבַשֵּׁכָ֖רū·ḇaš·šê·ḵārConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink
Priestsכֹּהֵ֣ןkō·hênNoun - masculine singularH3548 priest
and prophetsוְנָבִיא֩wə·nā·ḇîConjunctive waw; Noun - masculine singularH5030 spokesman, speaker, prophet
reelשָׁג֨וּšā·ḡūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH7686 go astray, err
from strong drinkבַשֵּׁכָ֜רḇaš·šê·ḵārPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink
and are befuddledנִבְלְע֣וּniḇ·lə·‘ūVerb - Nifal - Perfect - third person common pluralH1104 swallow down, swallow up, engulf
byמִן־min-PrepositionH4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
wineהַיַּ֗יִןhay·ya·yinArticle; Noun - masculine singularH3196 wine
They stumbleתָּעוּ֙tā·‘ūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH8582 err
because ofמִן־min-PrepositionH4480 out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
strong drinkהַשֵּׁכָ֔רhaš·šê·ḵārArticle; Noun - masculine singularH7941 intoxioating drink, strong drink
muddledשָׁגוּ֙šā·ḡūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH7686 go astray, err
in their visionsבָּֽרֹאֶ֔הbā·rō·’ehPreposition-b, Article; Noun - masculine singularH7203 see
and stumblingפָּק֖וּpā·qūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH6328 reel, totter
in their judgmentsפְּלִילִיָּֽה׃pə·lî·lî·yāhNoun - feminine singularH6417 the giving a decision

Isaiah 28:8

EnglishHebrewSounds likeGrammarWord study
Forכִּ֚יkîConjunctionH3588 burning, branding
allכָּל־kāl-Noun - masculine singular constructH3605 the whole, all
their tablesשֻׁלְחָנ֔וֹתšul·ḥā·nō·wṯNoun - masculine pluralH7979 table
are coveredמָלְא֖וּmā·lə·’ūVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralH4390 be full, fill
with vomitקִ֣יאqîNoun - masculine singularH6892 what is vomited up, vomit
there is not a placeמָקֽוֹם׃סmā·qō·wmNoun - masculine singularH4725 standing, spot, condition
withoutבְּלִ֖יbə·lîAdverbH1097 wearing out
filthצֹאָ֑הṣō·’āhNoun - feminine singularH6675 filth

Cross-references

Other passages that speak to the same thing. Point at one to read it.

Isaiah 28:1 Hosea 7:5 · Isaiah 28:7 · 2 Kings 14:25–27 · Isaiah 28:3–4

Isaiah 28:2 Ezekiel 13:11 · Isaiah 30:30 · Nahum 1:8 · Isaiah 27:1 · Isaiah 29:6

Isaiah 28:3 Isaiah 26:6 · Hebrews 10:29

Isaiah 28:4 Nahum 3:12 · Micah 7:1 · Isaiah 28:1 · Hosea 6:4

Isaiah 28:5 1 Peter 5:4 · Isaiah 62:3 · Isaiah 60:19 · Romans 11:5–6 · Isaiah 41:16 · Job 29:14 · Isaiah 45:25 · Psalm 90:16–17 · Jeremiah 9:23–24 · 1 Corinthians 1:30–31

Isaiah 28:6 Psalm 18:32–34 · John 5:30 · Joshua 1:9 · Numbers 11:16–17 · Isaiah 11:2–4 · Isaiah 32:15–16 · John 3:34 · Proverbs 20:8 · 1 Corinthians 12:8 · Psalm 72:1–4 · Deuteronomy 20:4 · 1 Kings 3:28

Isaiah 28:7 Isaiah 56:10–12 · Luke 21:34 · Isaiah 19:14 · Proverbs 20:1 · Ecclesiastes 10:17 · Micah 2:11 · Matthew 24:29 · Jeremiah 14:14 · Ezekiel 44:21 · Leviticus 10:9–10 · Isaiah 3:12 · Jeremiah 23:13

Isaiah 28:8 Jeremiah 48:26 · Proverbs 26:11

Cross-references from OpenBible.info, used under CC BY 4.0. The best-supported references for each verse are shown.

Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible.