Romans

Romans 11:7–14

⁷What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened, ⁸as it is written:

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,

eyes that could not see,

and ears that could not hear,

to this very day.”^d

⁹And David says:

“May their table become a snare and a trap,

a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

¹⁰May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see,

and their backs be bent forever.”^e

¹¹I ask then, did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery?^f Certainly not! However, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous. ¹²But if their trespass means riches for the world, and their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their fullness bring!

¹³I am speaking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry ¹⁴in the hope that I may provoke my own people to jealousy and save some of them.

Footnotes

d 11:8 See Deuteronomy 29:4|DEU 29:4and Isaiah 29:10.
e 11:10 Psalm 69:22–23|PSA 69:22-23(see also LXX)
f 11:11 Or did they stumble so as to lose their share? Literally did they stumble that they might fall?

Read all of Romans 11

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Greek it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Romans 11:7

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
What	Τί	Ti	Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G5101 who, which, what
then	οὖν	oun	Conjunction	G3767 therefore, then
What	ὃ	ho	Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G3739 who, which, what, that
Israel	Ἰσραήλ	Israēl	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G2474 Israel
was seeking	ἐπιζητεῖ	epizētei	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G1934 I seek after, desire, search for
it failed to obtain	ἐπέτυχεν	epetychen	Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G2013 I attain, obtain, acquire
but	δὲ	de	Conjunction	G1161 but, on the other hand, and
the	ἡ	hē	Article - Nominative Feminine Singular	G3588 the
elect	ἐκλογὴ	eklogē	Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular	G1589 a choosing out, selecting, choice by God
The	οἱ	hoi	Article - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3588 the
others	λοιποὶ	loipoi	Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3062 left, left behind, the remainder
were hardened	ἐπωρώθησαν	epōrōthēsan	Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Plural	G4456 I harden, render callous

Romans 11:8

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
as	καθὼς	kathōs	Conjunction	G2531 just as, as
it is written	γέγραπται	gegraptai	Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular	G1125 I write
God	Θεὸς	Theos	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G2316 God, a god
gave	Ἔδωκεν	Edōken	Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G1325 I offer, give
them	αὐτοῖς	autois	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
a spirit	πνεῦμα	pneuma	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G4151 wind, breath, spirit
of stupor	κατανύξεως	katanyxeōs	Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular	G2659 deep sleep, stupor
eyes	ὀφθαλμοὺς	ophthalmous	Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural	G3788 the eye
that	τοῦ	tou	Article - Genitive Neuter Singular	G3588 the
could not see	βλέπειν	blepein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G991 I look, see
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
ears	ὦτα	ōta	Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural	G3775 the ear
that	τοῦ	tou	Article - Genitive Neuter Singular	G3588 the
could not hear	ἀκούειν	akouein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G191 I hear, listen
to	ἕως	heōs	Preposition	G2193 until, as far as
this very day	σήμερον	sēmeron	Adverb	G4594 today, now

Romans 11:9

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And	Καὶ	Kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
David	Δαυὶδ	Dauid	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G1138 David
says	λέγει	legei	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular	G3004 I say, speak
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
table	τράπεζα	trapeza	Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular	G5132 a table for food or business
become	Γενηθήτω	Genēthētō	Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Singular	G1096 I come into being, am born
a snare	παγίδα	pagida	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G3803 a snare, trap
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
a trap	θήραν	thēran	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G2339 hunting, entrapping
a stumbling block	σκάνδαλον	skandalon	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G4625 a snare, stumbling-block
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
a retribution	ἀνταπόδομα	antapodoma	Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular	G468 a gift in return, a return, a recompense
to them	αὐτοῖς	autois	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same

Romans 11:10

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
eyes	ὀφθαλμοὶ	ophthalmoi	Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural	G3788 the eye
be darkened	σκοτισθήτωσαν	skotisthētōsan	Verb - Aorist Imperative Passive - 3rd Person Plural	G4654 I darken
they cannot see	βλέπειν	blepein	Verb - Present Infinitive Active	G991 I look, see
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
backs	νῶτον	nōton	Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular	G3577 the back of men or animals
be bent	σύνκαμψον	synkampson	Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular	G4781 I oppress, bend together
forever	παντὸς	pantos	Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular	G3956 all, the whole, every kind of

Romans 11:11

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I ask	Λέγω	Legō	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G3004 I say, speak
then	οὖν	oun	Conjunction	G3767 therefore, then
did they stumble	ἔπταισαν	eptaisan	Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural	G4417 I stumble, fall, sin
so as	ἵνα	hina	Conjunction	G2443 in order that, so that
to fall beyond recovery	πέσωσιν	pesōsin	Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Active - 3rd Person Plural	G4098 I fall, fall under
Certainly not	γένοιτο	genoito	Verb - Aorist Optative Middle - 3rd Person Singular	G1096 I come into being, am born
However	ἀλλὰ	alla	Conjunction	G235 but, except
because of	τῷ	tō	Article - Dative Neuter Singular	G3588 the
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
trespass	παραπτώματι	paraptōmati	Noun - Dative Neuter Singular	G3900 a falling away, sin
salvation	σωτηρία	sōtēria	Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular	G4991 deliverance, salvation
to the	τοῖς	tois	Article - Dative Neuter Plural	G3588 the
Gentiles	ἔθνεσιν	ethnesin	Noun - Dative Neuter Plural	G1484 a race, people, the Gentiles
to	εἰς	eis	Preposition	G1519 into, in, among, till, for
make	παραζηλῶσαι	parazēlōsai	Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active	G3863 I make jealous

Romans 11:12

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
But	δὲ	de	Conjunction	G1161 but, on the other hand, and
if	εἰ	ei	Conjunction	G1487 if
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
trespass	παράπτωμα	paraptōma	Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular	G3900 a falling away, sin
riches	πλοῦτος	ploutos	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G4149 riches, wealth
for	κόσμου	kosmou	Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular	G2889 the world, universe
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
failure	ἥττημα	hēttēma	Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular	G2275 a defeat, failure
riches	πλοῦτος	ploutos	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G4149 riches, wealth
for	ἐθνῶν	ethnōn	Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural	G1484 a race, people, the Gentiles
how much	πόσῳ	posō	Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Dative Neuter Singular	G4214 how much, how great, how many
greater	μᾶλλον	mallon	Adverb	G3123 more, rather
their	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same
fullness	πλήρωμα	plērōma	Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular	G4138 fullness, fulfillment, completion

Romans 11:13

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I am speaking	λέγω	legō	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G3004 I say, speak
to you	Ὑμῖν	Hymin	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural	G4771 you
Gentiles	ἔθνεσιν	ethnesin	Noun - Dative Neuter Plural	G1484 a race, people, the Gentiles
Inasmuch	ἐφ’	eph’	Preposition	G1909 on, to, against, on the basis of, at
I	ἐγὼ	egō	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Singular	G1473 I
am	εἰμι	eimi	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G1510 I am, exist
apostle	ἀπόστολος	apostolos	Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular	G652 an apostle, a messenger, an envoy, a delegate
to	ἐθνῶν	ethnōn	Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural	G1484 a race, people, the Gentiles
I magnify	δοξάζω	doxazō	Verb - Present Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G1392 I glorify, honor, bestow glory on
my	μου	mou	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular	G1473 I
ministry	διακονίαν	diakonian	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G1248 waiting at table, service, ministration

Romans 11:14

English	Greek	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
in the hope that	εἴ	ei	Conjunction	G1487 if
I may provoke	παραζηλώσω	parazēlōsō	Verb - Future Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G3863 I make jealous
my	μου	mou	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Singular	G1473 I
people	σάρκα	sarka	Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular	G4561 flesh, body
and	καὶ	kai	Conjunction	G2532 and, even, also, namely
save	σώσω	sōsō	Verb - Future Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular	G4982 I save, heal
some	τινὰς	tinas	Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural	G5100 any one, some one
of	ἐξ	ex	Preposition	G1537 from out, out from among, from
them	αὐτῶν	autōn	Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Plural	G846 he, she, it, they, them, same