Exodus

Exodus 23:27–31

²⁷I will send My terror ahead of you and throw into confusion every nation you encounter. I will make all your enemies turn and run. ²⁸I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

²⁹I will not drive them out before you in a single year; otherwise the land would become desolate and wild animals would multiply against you. ³⁰Little by little I will drive them out ahead of you, until you become fruitful and possess the land.

³¹And I will establish your borders from the Red Sea^f to the Sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the Euphrates.^g For I will deliver the inhabitants into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

Footnotes

f 23:31 Or the Sea of Reeds
g 23:31 Hebrew the River

Read all of Exodus 23

Word by word

Each English word or phrase beside the Hebrew it translates, in the order of the English. Choose a number to open that word’s study.

Exodus 23:27

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I will send	אֲשַׁלַּ֣ח	’ă·šal·laḥ	Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular	H7971 send
My terror	אֵֽימָתִי֙	’ê·mā·ṯî	Noun - feminine singular construct; first person common singular	H367 terror, dread
ahead of you	לְפָנֶ֔יךָ	lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before
and throw into confusion	וְהַמֹּתִי֙	wə·ham·mō·ṯî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular	H2000 make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit
every	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
nation	הָעָ֔ם	hā·‘ām	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H5971 people
you encounter	תָּבֹ֖א	tā·ḇō	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular	H935 come in, come, go in, go
I will make all	כָּל־	kāl-	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3605 the whole, all
your enemies	אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ	’ō·yə·ḇe·ḵā	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct; second person masculine singular	H341 be hostile to
turn	וְנָתַתִּ֧י	wə·nā·ṯat·tî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular	H5414 give, put, set
and run	אֵלֶ֖יךָ	’ê·le·ḵā	Preposition; second person masculine singular	H413 motion to

Exodus 23:28

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I will send	וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י	wə·šā·laḥ·tî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular	H7971 send
the hornet	הַצִּרְעָ֖ה	haṣ·ṣir·‘āh	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H6880 hornets
before you	לְפָנֶ֑יךָ	lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before
to drive	וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה	wə·ḡê·rə·šāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular	H1644 drive out, cast out
the Hivites	הַחִוִּ֧י	ha·ḥiw·wî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H2340 Chivvite
and Canaanites	הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י	hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H3669 trader, merchant
and Hittites	הַחִתִּ֖י	ha·ḥit·tî	Article; Noun - proper - masculine singular	H2850 Hittite(s)
out of your way	מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃	mil·lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-m, Preposition-l; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before

Exodus 23:29

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
I will not	לֹ֧א	lō	Adverb - Negative particle	H3808 not
drive them out	אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ	’ă·ḡā·rə·šen·nū	Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular; third person masculine singular	H1644 drive out, cast out
before you	מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ	mip·pā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-m; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before
in a single	אֶחָ֑ת	’e·ḥāṯ	Number - feminine singular	H259 one
year	בְּשָׁנָ֣ה	bə·šā·nāh	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular	H8141 year
otherwise	פֶּן־	pen-	Conjunction	H6435 lest
the land	הָאָ֙רֶץ֙	hā·’ā·reṣ	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H776 earth, land
would become	תִּהְיֶ֤ה	tih·yeh	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular	H1961 fall out, come to pass, become, be
desolate	שְׁמָמָ֔ה	šə·mā·māh	Noun - feminine singular	H8077 a devastation, waste
and wild	הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃	haś·śā·ḏeh	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H7704 id.
animals	חַיַּ֥ת	ḥay·yaṯ	Noun - feminine singular construct	H2416 alive, living
would multiply	וְרַבָּ֥ה	wə·rab·bāh	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular	H7231 be or become, many, much
against you	עָלֶ֖יךָ	‘ā·le·ḵā	Preposition; second person masculine singular	H5921 height

Exodus 23:30

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
Little	מְעַ֥ט	mə·‘aṭ	Adjective - masculine singular	H4592 a little, fewness, a few
by little	מְעַ֛ט	mə·‘aṭ	Adjective - masculine singular	H4592 a little, fewness, a few
I will drive them out	אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ	’ă·ḡā·rə·šen·nū	Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular; third person masculine singular	H1644 drive out, cast out
ahead of you	מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ	mip·pā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-m; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before
until	עַ֚ד	‘aḏ	Preposition	H5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
you become fruitful	תִּפְרֶ֔ה	tip̄·reh	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular	H6509 bear fruit, be fruitful
and possess	וְנָחַלְתָּ֖	wə·nā·ḥal·tā	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular	H5157 get or take as a possession
the land	הָאָֽרֶץ׃	hā·’ā·reṣ	Article; Noun - feminine singular	H776 earth, land

Exodus 23:31

English	Hebrew	Sounds like	Grammar	Word study
And I will establish	וְשַׁתִּ֣י	wə·šat·tî	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular	H7896 put, set
your borders	גְּבֻלְךָ֗	gə·ḇul·ḵā	Noun - masculine singular construct; second person masculine singular	H1366 border, boundary, territory
from the Red	סוּף֙	sūp̄	Noun - masculine singular	H5488 reeds, rushes
Sea	מִיַּם־	mî·yam-	Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular construct	H3220 sea
to	וְעַד־	wə·‘aḏ-	Conjunctive waw; Preposition	H5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the Sea	יָ֣ם	yām	Noun - masculine singular construct	H3220 sea
of the Philistines	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	pə·liš·tîm	Noun - proper - masculine plural	H6430 Philistine
and from the desert	וּמִמִּדְבָּ֖ר	ū·mim·miḏ·bār	Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m; Noun - masculine singular	H4057 mouth
to	עַד־	‘aḏ-	Preposition	H5704 as far as, even to, up to, until, while
the	הַנָּהָ֑ר	han·nā·hār	Article; Noun - masculine singular	H5104 stream, river
For	כִּ֣י׀	kî	Conjunction	H3588 burning, branding
I will deliver	אֶתֵּ֣ן	’et·tên	Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular	H5414 give, put, set
the inhabitants	יֹשְׁבֵ֣י	yō·šə·ḇê	Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct	H3427 sit, remain, dwell
into your hand	בְּיֶדְכֶ֗ם	bə·yeḏ·ḵem	Preposition-b; Noun - feminine singular construct; second person masculine plural	H3027 hand
and you will drive them out	וְגֵרַשְׁתָּ֖מוֹ	wə·ḡê·raš·tā·mōw	Conjunctive waw; Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - second person masculine singular; third person masculine plural	H1644 drive out, cast out
before you	מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃	mip·pā·ne·ḵā	Preposition-m; Noun - common plural construct; second person masculine singular	H6440 face, before